吐鲁番导游词（通用3篇）
高昌城于公元前一世纪，是西汉王朝在车师前国境内的屯田部队所建。他位于丝绸之路中心地带，为过往的商人与旅人提供可以歇息的地方和沙漠中的必需品——水和食物。一直到十三世纪，经过多年的战火，现在已经是残垣断壁了。可是对于我这个好奇心特强，又喜欢历史的小朋友来说，这是个千载难逢的好机会啊!
“哎，不是说是个故城吗?怎么是个博物馆?”我失望得叫起来。妈妈神秘地对我说：“不要着急啊，待会儿你就知道了。”哦!原来还要坐一个观光车进去啊。车子一转弯，突然，高昌故城一下子出现在我的面前。太壮观了!虽然现在只剩下残破的围墙和建筑，可这些用土砖建成的建筑竟能在战火后屹立千百年而不坍塌，真是奇迹啊!精美的佛寺，考究的壁画，类似伊斯兰教圆顶清真寺的讲经堂……这一切都能看出高昌故城以前的繁荣与昌盛。
车子一边行进，一边播放着故城的传说和故事。最让我感兴趣的是西行取经的唐玄奘与高昌王麹文泰结拜为兄弟而留下的那一段千古佳话。
“哎——”这一声叹息包含着对历史的惋惜与感慨。我们在赞扬古人的智慧与勇敢的时候，也应该为历史上这些毁坏故城的暴君和探险家感到惭愧。
各位游客，你们好，人们称“南京，武汉，重庆”为三大火炉，而我们吐鲁番在6-8月间平均气温高出它们8-10摄氏度。因此人们传说：“吐鲁番的县太爷是坐在水缸里办公的，当然，这不过是一个笑话，但在热沙中做热疗，在石头上烙面饼，在沙窝中烤鸡蛋，却并不是虚传。盆地因内热外寒而形成大风，4-7月间年刮8级以上大风30多次，因此又有了”陆地风库“的称谓，三大风口之一的达坂城是天山风口，马上就要到了。请男士们稍加注意，前方我们即将驶入世界级民歌王——王洛滨老先生的歌中唱到的达坂城了。擦亮眼睛看看达坂城的姑娘到底是不是”两只眼睛真漂亮”，看到了美丽的姑娘吗?没有，那一定是她们害羞躲起来了，要不，都被过往的游客们娶走了。王老的这首歌，人人都爱唱，可是我们当地的维族同胞对王老有点意见啊!他们说：“王老把我们写得太傻了太不懂经济核算了，姑娘嫁给你就够可以了，还把妹妹再赔上，你们也太贪了”。你说有意思没意思?请大家注意看，窗外的树为什么都向一边歪着?对了，这是百里风区，风口地段，大风常年向一个方向吹的结果。据说，达坂城的男子们的胡子也是向一个方向歪着的，不信?你们找找看......
吐鲁番以“四最”而名扬天下，您知道是哪“四最”吗?最低，最干，最热，最甜。最低是指什么呢?它是指吐鲁番盆地的低洼地——艾丁湖，低于海平面154米，是世界第二低洼池，仅次于死海。最干就是指降水量最小，因为雨还未下到地面上，在半空中就被蒸发干了。最热呢，我们一会儿到了火焰山，你就会亲自体验到什么才叫热。那么，我有一个问题：广州素称“花城”，济南为“泉城”，那么吐鲁番是叫什么城呢?对，叫葡萄城。也许你们中的不少人就是被一曲“吐鲁番的葡萄熟了”召唤来的。的确，能够品尝一串葡萄世界冠军——吐鲁番无核白葡萄，未必不是一件能炫耀平生的快事。美国加州的客人曾万里迢迢来到吐市，专门考证出：吐鲁番的葡萄含糖量世界第一。有民谣说：“吐鲁番的葡萄，哈密的瓜，吐城的石榴顶呱呱，库尔勒的香梨人人夸。到了新疆，大家想不想做一天的新疆人?好，我现在教你们几句在新疆地区能常用到的话，这也是今后向亲朋介绍的资本。”亚克西姆塞斯——你好”，“势合曼提——谢谢!”，在巴扎上，如果你能给维召尔史弟一定会少要你的“铺路子”——钱的。
这里就是让人们“日啖葡萄三百颗，不辞长作高昌人”的葡萄沟，这高昌人便是今天的吐鲁番人。看，这是马奶子葡萄，这是玫瑰红，这种就是最具盛誉的无核白，你们可以亲自摘下来品尝，是不是一尝忘不掉?这里的葡萄每5米种一株，现在年产早已超过5450吨，这葡萄长廊也超过6公里长，是不是神仙也不一定见过如此佳景，品尝如此美味?满目绿色，凉爽宜人，品这葡萄甜而不腻，想不想住在这“世界最甜的地方”?今天咱们吃不了葡萄可以兜着走，吐鲁番的美景还多着呢，咱们还得抓紧时间去感受。吐鲁番地区在5-9月旅游黄金季节，日温差大，6-8月间温差可达20摄氏度，所以人们常说“早穿皮袄午穿纱”。帮此这里的葡萄水果最甜。好了，到了吐鲁番不去一趟热极——火焰山体验酷热，多少有点枉来一趟吐市。是不是心动，那上车付诸于行动吧，马上开往火焰山。
传说中有作恶多端的巨龙被上苍用利剑劈成了十截，它就是我们今天的火焰山下十道沟。现在我们走的正是其中的一道沟，叫做木头沟。从这里你们往前方看，那有一横卧的百里赤龙，起伏的山体上寸草不生，只有如烟似雾的气流滚滚上长，像不像团团烈火在燃烧，动感十足。这就是《西游记》中唐僧四人被困的火焰山，火焰连绵百里，要不要下车去感受一下，什么叫干蒸?刚才的那段搓板路已让我们体验了免费按摩，现在是另一种体验了。《西游记》中有一段文字是这样描述的：“八晨里火焰，四周寸草不生，若进得山，就是铜脑盖，铁身躯，也要化成汗哩。”怎么样?是不是觉得有点口干舌燥，嗓底冒烟，热风考脸，卟底发烫，瞳仁发疼，火烧火燎的热感。这里是唐僧师徒四人取经路过此地时的拴马桩，那里是新近建成的大漠馆，想和唐僧四人合影留念的请抓紧时间，当心不要太亲近火焰山，千万别被卷入到那火山云当中去，孙大圣可来不及现身去营救的。
开个玩笑，不过如果没有孙悟空借到的芭蕉扇，这太上老君当年炼丹炉里的火炭，怕是要烧到天边去了，只怕唐僧也难取回真经。好了，上车去喝坎儿井的甜水，热情的吐鲁番人民在广场举行的麦西来甫歌舞会快开始了，我们可以一展歌喉，小试舞姿，看看新疆舞的魅力，学两招。前方拐弯处，开窗的游客一定会感受到凉爽了许多。对，有水有绿色，我们殃在到了木头沟河床的底部，那是一片高耸的白桦树，枝叶葱绿，一条溪流平缓流淌，是啊，有水环绕着的地方就被湿润滋生得郁郁葱葱，这就是西部的特色。这一段行程和刚才火焰山的热恍若隔世，这是大自然的鬼斧神工，对比强烈的生态环境真让人咋舌，真的不看不知道，新疆真奇妙。山脉，沙漠，戈壁，绿洲竟能如此和谐相生，那绿树丛中隐约可见的几片断崖上，猜想一定有人的气息。太对了，那里便是著名的柏孜克里克千佛洞，壁画已严重损坏，但那繁荣与沧桑却是历史的明证。您是否听到了悠远的古道驼铃声呢?出了千佛洞，我们现在返回广场——西北最大的人民广场，去参加麦西来甫盛会，去品尝维吾尔民族风味小吃。
Welcome to Turpan. When talking about Turpan, people can't help thinking ofWang Luobin, the "king of Western singing". His "Turpan grapes are ripe, andanaerhan's heart is drunk". The beautiful lyrics and moving melody bring us intoa picturesque realm. Now let's go into Turpan and feel its magic charm together!Turpan's geographical characteristics → climate characteristics "the hottest,the lowest, the driest and the sweetest" are people's image description ofTurpan, which also accurately summarizes Turpan's geographical and climaticcharacteristics. Tourists, let's first introduce the geographical location andtopographic features of Turpan. Turpan is located in the central part ofXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, bordering Hami in the East, Bayinguoleng inthe West and south, 183 km from Urumqi in the northwest and Changji in thenorth. It is about 300 kilometers long from east to west and 240 kilometers widefrom north to south, covering an area of 64000 square kilometers, accounting for4.2% of the total area of Xinjiang. The terrain is characterized by twomountains and one basin, Bogda mountain and kuluktag mountain are in the northand south, and Turpan Basin is in the middle. There are two counties and onecity under its jurisdiction, namely Dushan County, Toksun county and Turpancity. The total population is about 520000. The main ethnic groups are Uygur,Han, Hui, Kazak, Manchu, Russian and so on.
Turpan Basin is an olive shaped Intermountain basin in the east of TianshanMountains. It is surrounded by mountains, high in the north and low in thesouth, wide in the West and narrow in the East. Due to the Himalayan orogenyabout 30 million years ago, a variety of geological structures and landformshave been formed. In the north there is Bogda peak, which is covered with snowall the year round at an altitude of 5445 meters. In the middle there is FlamingMountain, which stretches 100 kilometers from east to west. In the FlamingMountain, there is a famous Grape Valley 7 kilometers long. The most peculiar isAiding Lake, which is 154 meters below sea level. It is the lowest basin inChina and the second dead sea of Jordan, which is 391 meters below sea level Thesecond lowest land in the world. Turpan Basin integrates snow mountains, rivervalleys, sand dunes and lakes, just like a giant landscape painting, which makespeople stop and linger.
Because of its unique geographical environment, Turpan has become the placewith the highest temperature in summer in China. From June to August every year,the average temperature here ranges from 35 ℃ to 37 ℃, the extreme maximumtemperature reaches 49.6 ℃, and the surface temperature exceeds 70 ℃. Therefore,people describe it as "a place where eggs can be baked in sand nest and bigcakes can be baked on stone slab". When our cars travel through the village, wecan also see such a novel phenomenon, that is, every family's bed is placedoutside the house, which is how the local residents spend the hot summer.Therefore, it is appropriate for people to call Turpan "Huozhou" since ancienttimes. However, although the absolute temperature here is very high, thetemperature difference between day and night is large. In addition, there areoften strong winds in the basin. Even if it is extremely hot during the day,once the sun sets and night falls, the temperature will gradually cool down.Especially in spring and autumn, the temperature difference is more obvious,
Just like two seasons, "wearing fur coat in the morning and yarn in theafternoon" is a true portrayal of the climate characteristics of TurpanBasin.
Turpan is dry and rainless. Almost 10 months of the year, there is no rainor snow. The average annual precipitation is 16.6 mm, but the evaporation is ashigh as 3000 mm. The precipitation season is mainly in summer. The climate ofTurpan Basin is often described as "dry without rain" because of small rainfall,coarse raindrop and short precipitation time. As a part of precipitation,snowfall is rare in Turpan Basin. The average snowfall in winter is less than2mm. However, the year-round snow on Bogda mountain provides endless water forthe basin. By digging the Kaner well, the local people lead the melting waterfrom the snow mountain to the ground through the underground flow, irrigate thefertile land, and breed a vibrant desert oasis.
The closed basin, thin cloud cover, strong solar radiation and extremelyhigh temperature form abundant heat resources. In Turpan Basin, where the sky ishigh and the clouds are light, the annual sunshine hours are more than 3000hours. Abundant heat resources provide an ideal environment for the growth ofthermophilic crops such as melons, fruits and cotton. For example, Turpan Grape,which is famous at home and abroad, has a history of more than 20__ years andhas more than 300 varieties. After testing, the sugar content of Turpan Grape isas high as 22% - 26%, which is higher than that of California grape (20%) withthe highest sugar content. Turpan Grape is the sweetest grape in the world.Tourists, after introducing the geography of Turpan, let's review itshistory
Turpan, known as Gaochang, Xizhou and Huozhou in ancient times, became thepolitical, economic and cultural center of the western regions more than 20__years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, and was a famous town on the ancient SilkRoad. The former state of Cheshi, built by local Cheshi people, once dominatedhere for a while. In the Jin Dynasty, it was the location of the capital of thewestern regions, where the "Gaochang county" was established. After the fall ofGaochang Kingdom, the Tang Dynasty set up "Xizhou" here. In Song Dynasty, theUighur people moved westward and established the kingdom of Gaochang. In Yuanand Ming Dynasties, "Huozhou" and "Hezhou" were established. Zhili Hall ofTurpan was set up in Qing Dynasty. Turpan county was set up in 1913. In 1985,the county was removed and Turpan city was established. Turpan was also one ofthe earliest regions in Xinjiang to open to the outside world. Since the Han andTang Dynasties, foreign exchanges have been very frequent. Businessmen, monksand envoys from the Central Plains to India, Persia and the Mediterranean coasthave come in an endless stream, leaving Turpan with many beautiful legends.Tourists, coming to Turpan, seem to have read a thick historical picture. Thereare the ancient cities of Jiaohe and Gaochang, which are full of thevicissitudes of war, the exquisite and gorgeous frescoes of bazkrik dry Buddhacave, the ancient tombs of Astana, which is known as the underground museum, andthe Sugong pagoda, which is an ancient building with Islamic style. They showpeople the historical features of different times. History has left Turpan notonly ruins, but also a long culture. The folk customs here are rich andcolorful, and the people here are enthusiastic and good at singing and dancing.If at night in Turpan Hotel grape rack, while tasting fruits, while enjoying"wheat"
The "seraph" party will definitely make you feel relaxed and happy.Tourists, this is the general situation of Turpan. Maybe some tourists have tosay that after talking for a long time, I haven't expressed the Chinese meaningof "Turpan". Yes, Turpan is a Turkic language, which means "rich and fertileplace". After listening to the translation of the name and comparing with theprevious introduction, do you have the same feeling? I hope Turpan, a beautifuland rich place, can add more fun to your travel.
2 tour guide to the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik The specialgeographical location of the Silk Road makes Xinjiang an important channel forcultural exchanges between the East and the West. Therefore, religious art inXinjiang is very prosperous, and all major religions have a place here. Inaddition to Islam, Nestorianism and Manichaeism, Buddhism has the mostfar-reaching influence. Caves and stone carvings all over Xinjiang fully provethis. Today we are going to visit Is located in the middle of the flame mountaingorge in the baizikrik thousand Buddha cave. Origin of the name → historicalstatus → general situation of the caves
Bozikrik thousand Buddha cave, known as "ningrong Grottoes" in TangDynasty, is located in mutougou gorge of Huoyan mountain, about 60 km northeastof Turpan City, only 15 km south of the old city of Gaochang. It is one of thelarger and famous Buddhist grottoes in Xinjiang. Bozikrik means "hillside" inUighur and "decorative painting" in Turkic.
Bozikrik thousand Buddha cave was first excavated in the late Northern andSouthern Dynasties, namely the Qushi Gaochang state (ad
During the seven centuries of Tang, Five Dynasties, song and YuanDynasties, it was one of the Buddhist centers in the western regions. GaochangUighur period (9th-13th century A.D.) is the most prosperous period of thegrottoes. Therefore, the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik is considered as "themost important, the most abundant, the most complete and the most representativeart treasure house in Uighur Buddhist art". Tourists, now we come to thethousand Buddha Cave Scenic Area. There are 83 caves and 77 existing numberedcaves. Among them, there are more than 40 caves with residual murals. The totalarea of murals is 1200 square meters. It is the largest number of caves and themost abundant murals in Turpan. There are various forms of grottoes, such ashorizontal top straight cave, central pillar cave, square double set cave anddome square cave, and some built temples and Buddha platform in the middle ofthe grottoes.
[mural content → Jiyue painting in cave 16 → hell change in cave 17 → greatlotus in cave 18 - Uighur king in Gaochang in cave 20 → Manichaeism in cave 38 →small commemorative shadow cave in cave 82 → 83]
Walking down the steps at the entrance, we can see more than a dozen cavesopen to tourists. The light in the caves is not very strong, and the mottledpictures on the inner wall of the arch can be seen faintly. Each line isdepicted in detail. The ribbons of the characters are very dynamic, but many ofthe characters are incomplete, which is a pity.
The frescoes in the bozikrik Grottoes mainly include the "Buddha" with alarge-scale portrait of Buddha as the center
The purpose of these paintings is to glorify the Buddhist Dharma forworshiping good men and women. From the 6th century to the 12th century, it hasalways been an important place for Buddhism in Gaochang kingdom. Manyinscriptions in ancient Huique script, Chinese script and Baltic script arestill preserved in the grottoes, which are valuable materials for studyingancient scripts. The architectural style and painting skills of the grottoes arealso of high research value. In 1982, the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik waslisted as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
Tourists, let's first visit cave 16. Cave 16 was excavated in the middleTang Dynasty. There is a picture of Jiyue in the cave. In the picture,xiaohulei, an ancient musical instrument, appeared for the first time in ChineseBuddhist caves. Hulei, also known as the dragon head pipa, originated fromNanzhao music of Tang Dynasty. It is shaped like a pear with a stick, a dragonhead with two strings, a boa skin covering the abdomen, and a sandalwood groove.Its authentic products are now stored in the Palace Museum of Beijing. Next,let's look at caves 17 and 18. These two caves are the earliest in the wholeGrottoes group, which were excavated in the late Northern and Southern Dynastiesfrom the 6th to 7th century. Let's first take a look at the mural "hell changes"in cave 17, which is very similar to the painting of Mani's teaching aidmansion, which is rare in China. There is a big lotus flower in the center ofthe top of cave 18, which is filled with geometric patterns such as triangle andfour leaves in the middle. It is elegant and solemn, with nationalcharacteristics.
Next, let's visit cave 20. The murals in the grottoes show images of theUighur king and queen of Gaochang. The Uighur king of Gaochang was wearing alotus petal shaped crown, a round collar wide sleeve robe, a middle belt, blackboots and other daily necessities. The queen is plump, wearing a crown and a redcoat with lapels and narrow sleeves. The color of the portrait is gorgeous, thelines are smooth and the drawing is exquisite. Beside the portrait is theinscription of Huique. This group of murals is highly artistic and is one of therepresentative works of the whole thousand Buddha cave murals. Unfortunately,the original mural is on display in the Berlin Museum in Germany, and the colorphotos on display in the cave are based on the original. The frescoes in cave 38are different from those before. They are about ancient Manichaeism. There arethree trees in the frescoes behind the grottoes, under which there are manyimages of monks and nuns dressed in white and feathered people with wings, whichshow respect for Manichaeism. Manichaeism is a religion founded by Persian Mani,also known as Mingjiao, which worships the God of light. From the 9th century tothe 12th century, Gaochang Uighur kingdom was the center of Manichaeism in theworld. Manichaeism once became the state religion of Gaochang Uighur kingdom.Then we come to cave 82 and 83, which is under ganfo cave and beside muugou.This is a small commemorative shadow cave specially built for Buddhist eminentmonks during the reign of emperor Gaochang in the 10th and 11th centuries A.D. Apottery relic box and a gold foil wrapping paper used by Buddhists wereunearthed here. The ink mark on it indicates that the gold foil shop was locatedin the south of taihelou street in Hangzhou in Song Dynasty. This gold foilwrapping paper proves that Gaochang Uighur kingdom had quite close economic andtrade contacts with the Song Dynasty from the 11th to the 12th century.
Tourists, from the murals of the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik, we cansee Xinjiang Buddhism
The long history of culture makes us have a deeper understanding of thebroad and profound culture of Xinjiang. The past of Xinjiang is brilliant, andwe believe that the future of Xinjiang will be more brilliant.
