Unit4Whenwasitinvented?（通用5篇）
unit 9 when was it invented?
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. they’re used for seeing in the dark. (p69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。
be used for表示“被用来做……”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。
wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。
知识拓展
含有be used的常用短语：
◎be used as表示“被用作……”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。
this book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”，by后接动作的执行者。
this kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
2. i think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (p70)我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。
helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词，意为“有帮助的”，类似的形容词还有：
thank—thankful (感谢的，感激的) grate—grateful(感谢的，感激的)
use—useful (有用的) wonder—wonderful(令人惊奇的)
forget—forgetful (健忘的) success—successful(成功的)
beauty—beautiful (美丽的) pain—painful(疼痛的)
3. i’d like to have a radio because i could listen to music all day. (p70)我想有一个收音机，这样我就可以整天听音乐了。
本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。
anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。
the weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。
特别提示
could也表示人或动物的内在能力，有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。
he hurt his foot and couldn’t play soccer. 他的脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。
4. the potato chips were invented by mistake. (p71)土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。
(1) potato chips是一个复合名词，其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词，这样的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。
知识拓展
复合名词变复数的规则，你一定要牢记啊！
◎通常只把主体名词变为复数
school boy—school boys(男生) apple tree—apple trees(苹果树)
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治)
girl friend—girl friends（女朋友）
◎如果没有主体名词，在最后一个名词上用复数。
good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings（饭桶、无用的人）
three-year-old—three-year-olds（三岁的孩子）
◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词，两个部分都要用复数。
man teacher—men teachers(男教师)
gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers （乡绅）
(2)by mistake 表示“错误地（因粗心、遗忘等所致）”。
sorry, i took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。
短语链语
mistake ... for “错把……当作……”
5. george crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (p71)george crum将它们做了很长时间，直到它们变脆了。
until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。
◎在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”。
i worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
◎在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到……才……”，“不到……不……”。
the rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
i won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。
6. and he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (p71) 然后，他在上面撒很多盐，这样它们就咸了。
(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思，常构成sprinkle a on/over b 或sprinkle b with a表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。
she sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。
he sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。
(2)salt是不可数名词，其形容词是salty。在英语中，很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词，表示“充满/包含……”，其意思与原来词汇的意思相同，只是词性不同，如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。
7. some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (p72)附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里，并留在那里很长时间。
(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入”的意思。
some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。
a ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。
(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始”解。
he fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。
(3)remain 表示“继续、依然、停留”，后面接名词，动词不定式。
he remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。
it sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意，可是它能否成功，要等以后才能知晓。
(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。
she remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。
three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。
特别提示
remain还有“剩下、残余”的意思。
i can’t go to the cinema because i have a lot of homework remained undone.
我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业未做。
8. and in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (p72)就这样，世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。
本句中的in the way意为“就这样”，“以这种方式”。
the song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。
in this way, you will find the answer to this question.
用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。
知识拓展
way主要有以下几种用法：
◎表示“方法”，接不定式，...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。
scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.
科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。
there are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.
旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。
◎表示“路途”，“路线”，常构成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。
i’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
she’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。
◎表示“方向”。
look this way.看这边。
go that way.往那边走。
◎表示“距离”，“路程”。
beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。
9. dr naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (p74)奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组，并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。
本句中的divide...into是动介短语，与separate...into同义，意为“把……划分成”，其中divide是及物动词。
my father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块。
we divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.
我们分成几个小组来执行这个计划。
10. it is believed that on december 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (p74)人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。
(1)本句中的it is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思，that引导的是主语从句。
it is believed that by the year , the population of the world will be seven billion.
=people believe that by the year , the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到XX年，世界人口将达到七十亿。
(2)believe意为“相信”，“认为”，一般表示相信某人是诚实的或某事是真实的，后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。
i just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.
科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。
◎believe可以用于被动语态。
they are believed to have discussed this problem.据说，这个他们已经讨论过了。
特别提示
believe与believe in的含义不同。
◎believe in意为“信奉、信仰”，后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词，也可作“信任、信赖”解。
my grandpa believes in buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。
i can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他诚实。
unit 9 when was it invented
一. 教学内容：
unit 9 when was it invented?
二. 学习目标：
1. 动脑筋，找规律，弄清主动语态与被动语态之间的差异，通过练习和运用加以巩固。
2. 学会使用含有被动语态的不同句型结构来谈论各种发明物的历史。
3. 通过熟悉我们周围经常使用的发明物的历史来开阔眼界，丰富自己的阅历，使自己养成勤于思考善于总结的好习惯。
三. 教学重点难点：
一般过去时的被动语态及本模块中的一些重点短语
四. 重点词和短语
1. be used for doing＝be used to do sth. 用来做某事
2. hand-held calculators 手提计算器
3. battery-operated slippers 用电池操作的拖鞋
4. in the dark 在黑暗中
5. shoes with adjustable heels 可调整后跟的鞋
shoes with high heels 高跟鞋
6. change the style of shoes 改变鞋子的式样
7. from casual to dressy 从休闲到正式
8. do sth. by mistake 错误的/巧合的做某事
9. in a bad mood 心情糟糕
10. in the end 最后，终于
at the end 在……的结尾，在……尽头
by the end 在……结束时，到……末为止
【即学即用】
at first he was strongly against our plan, but the end he gave in.
a. at b. in c. by d. to
11. by accident 偶然，意外
12. not… until 直到……才
13. according to
【即学即用】
the following pictures, please write a composition.
a. thanks to b. because of c. according to d. instead of
14. an ancient chinese legend 一个古老的中国传说
ancient culture 古文化
15. fall into 落入
16. some time 一段时间
sometime 某时
sometimes 有时
some times 几次
【即学即用】
my uncle will come next month and he will stay here for .
a. sometime; some time b. some time; sometime
c. sometimes; some time d. some time; some times
17. in this way 这样
18. travel around china 游览中国
19. much-loved and active sport 深受人们喜爱而且很活跃的运动
20. a doctor called/named… 一个叫……的医生
21. knock into sb 撞上某人
knock at the door 敲门
22. fall down 跌倒
23. divide sth into 把……分成
24. the aim of sth ……的目标
25. move/run towards 朝……方向移动/跑
26. it’s believed that 人们相信
it’s heard that 人们听说
it’s said that 据说
it’s thought that 人们认为
27. the first basketball game in history历史上第一场篮球赛
28. since then 从那以后
29. the popularity of ……的流行
30. rise worldwide 引起全世界广泛传播
31. the number of ……的数量
a number of 许多
【即学即用】
⑴ the students in their school over two thousand.
a. the number of; is b. the number of; are
c. a number of; is d. a number of; are
⑵every year, water sports attract large numbers of tourists to haikou.（词语替换）
a. a lot b. much c. many d. more
32. dream about /of doing sth 梦想做某事
五. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. they’re used for seeing in the dark. 它们被用于在黑夜里观看。（section a, 2b）
be used for表示“被用来做……”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。相当于be used to do sth.。如：
wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。
知识拓展
含有be used的常用短语：
◎be used as表示“被用作……”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。
this book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
this piece of wood is used as a bench.把这块木头用作凳子。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”，by后接动作的执行者。
this kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
【即学即用】
⑴the stones they carried were used houses and bridges.
a. to build b. for building c. to be built d. a and b
⑵the room as a meeting room.
a. used to being used b. was used to be used
c. was used to being used d. used to be used
2. i think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. 我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。（section a, 3b）
helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词，意为“有帮助的”，类似的形容词还有：
thank—thankful（感谢的，感激的） grate—grateful（感谢的，感激的）
use—useful（有用的） wonder—wonderful（令人惊奇的）
forget—forgetful（健忘的） success—successful（成功的）
beauty—beautiful（美丽的） pain—painful（疼痛的）
3. potato chips were invented by mistake. 薯条的发明纯属歪打正着。（section b, 2a）
⑴ potato chips是一个复合名词，其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词，这样的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。
知识拓展
复合名词变复数的规则：
◎通常只把主体名词变为复数
school boy—school boys（男生） apple tree—apple trees（苹果树）
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches（蔬菜三明治）
girl friend—girl friends（女朋友）
◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词，两个部分都要用复数。
man teacher—men teachers（男教师）
woman doctor—women doctors（女医生）
⑵by mistake 表示“错误地（因粗心、遗忘等所致）”。
sorry, i took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。
【注意】by 和mistake中间可以加相应的形容词性物主代词。
i took your pen by（my）mistake. 我错拿了你的钢笔。
4. george crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. george crum将它们煮了很长时间，直到它们变脆了。（section b, 2b）
although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. 尽管茶直到16XX年才被带到西方国家，但这种饮料早在传入西方之前的三千年就被发现了。（section b, 3a）
until意为“直到……”，引导一个时间状语。作介词时，引导一个短语；作连词时，引导一个时间状语从句。
◎until用于肯定句中，主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性、持续性动词，表示“直到……为止”。如：
i worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
i’ll wait for you until you come. 我要等到你来为止。
◎until用于否定句中，表示“直到……才……”，常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，强调主句所表示的动作从until所表示的时间发生，主句必须是否定句。表示瞬间的动词有come, go, leave, meet, reach, get, arrive, realize, stop等。如：
he didn’t go home until ten o’clock. 他直到10点钟才回家。
（go home的动作是在10点钟才发生的。）
the rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
i won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。
【即学即用】
i won’t believe that little bob can run 100 metres in 15 seconds i see it with my own eyes.
a. until b. after c. when d. if
◎discover 作动词，意为“发现”，即发现的对象是本来存在的，只是以前不知道而已，也可指发现新奇或意外之物或发现某种情况。“发现者”为discoverer。
相关链接
invent作动词，意为“发明”，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西，如工具、手段或方法。“发明”作名词用invention，“发明者”为inventor。
【即学即用】
用discover和invent填空
⑴paper was in china.
⑵columbus america in 1492.
⑶i that she was a good cook.
5. and in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. 就这样，世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。（section b, 3a）
本句中的in this way意为“就这样”，“以这种方式”。
the song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。
in this way, you will find the answer to this question.
用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。
知识拓展
way主要有以下几种用法：
◎表示“方法”，接不定式，...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。
scientists are trying to find ways to prevent（of preventing）disease.
科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。
there are many ways of traveling（to travel）, for example, by air.
旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。
◎表示“路途”，“路线”，常构成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。
i’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
she’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。
◎表示“方向”。
look this way.看这边。
go that way.往那边走。
◎表示“距离”，“路程”。
beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。
6. it is believed that on december 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.人们认为历史上的第一次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日。（reading）
本句中的it is believed that... 为常见句型，相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思，其中it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。类似的句型还有it is said that…, it is supposed that…等。如：
it is believed that by the year , the population of the world will be seven billion.
＝people believe that by the year , the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到XX年，世界人口将达到七十亿。
it is said that they have won the game. 据说他们赢得了那场比赛。
【即学即用】
it’s that he’ll come here.
a. say b. supposed c. believe d. expect
7. …although they didn’t win they used the experience to help develop the game at home.尽管他们没有赢得比赛，他们却用自己获得的经验来帮助发展了国内的运动。（reading）
⑴although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。but也有“尽管，但是”的意思，但不可与although同时出现在同一句话中，且but用作并列连词。试比较：
although it rained, the boys still played outside.
＝it rained, but the boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了，但是那些男孩子们仍在外面玩耍。
⑵at home 在此意为“在本国，在国内”，多用于报刊新闻中。如：
the company is not as popular at home as it is abroad. 那家公司在国内不如在国外受欢迎。
【即学即用】
he sticks to his dream of becoming a famous football player, he can’t get support from his parents.
a. but b. although c. and d. so
六. 语法：
被动语态“模仿秀”
【1号】thomas edison invented the light bulb.
→the light bulb was invented by thomas edison.
【模仿秀】we will finish the task tomorrow.
→ .
【评委点评】
主动语态变被动语态：将主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语结构为：be + 过去分词，其中be的时态和主动语态的时态一致。
【2号】my father gave me a football on my 13th birthday.
→i was given a football（by my father）on my 13th birthday.
→a football was given to me（by my father）on my 13th birthday.
【模仿秀】lucy shows us some photos of her family.
→ .
→ .
【评委点评】
含有双宾语的动词的被动语态：一般把代表人的宾语（间接宾语）变为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语留作被动句的宾语。如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前需有介词（一般是to或for）。常接to的动词有：give, lend, show, pass等；常接for的动词有：borrow, make, buy等。
【3号】we find physics very hard.
→physics is found very hard.
【模仿秀】i saw mr wang walk into the bank just now.
→ .
【评委点评】
带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态：主动句中如果有复合宾语（即宾语和宾语补足语），变为被动语态时，将句子的宾语（即复合宾语中的逻辑主语）变为被动句的主语（宾语补足语也转化成了主语补足语）。在主动语态中，make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel, notice等使役动词或感官动词后常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中需加上to。
【4号】the nurse takes good care of my daughter in the hospital.
→my daughter is taken good take of in the hospital（by the nurse）.
【模仿秀】you should pay more attention to your spelling.
→ .
【评委点评】
短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。
【5号】这种茶叶闻起来很清香。
→this kind of tea smells very nice.
【模仿秀】这款裙子很好卖。
→ .
【评委点评】
主动形式表示被动含义：有些动词的主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有：wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。
被动语态中考真题大练兵
1. —would you please tell miss li that she as a volunteer for the olympic games?
—of course. i will tell her tomorrow. （山东淄博）
a. choose b. chose c. has chosen d. is chosen
2. we not to play computer games. （内蒙古乌兰察布）
a. are told b. have told c. told d. tell
3. —could you tell me whom the radio by?
—sorry. i have no idea. （福建福州）
a. invents b. invented c. is invented d. was invented
4. —your hometown has changed a lot.
—yes. take a look at these tall buildings. they last year. （重庆课改区）
a. build b. built c. was built d. were built
5. —did you go to kang kang’s birthday?
—no, i . （福建宁德）
a. wasn’t invited b. didn’t invite c. am not invited
6. an english speech to the children tomorrow. （广东茂名）
a. is given b. has been given c. will be given
7. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子：
丢失的部件在船拖出水后被找到了。 （山东济南）
the lost parts after the ship was of the water.
8. she used the knife to cut the fruit a moment ago.（改为被动语态）（重庆非课改区）
the knife to cut the fruit by her a moment ago.
9. i sent a letter to you last month.（改为被动语态）（甘肃兰州）
a letter to you last month.
10. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空：
the dog （train）to understand different instructions for two years.（山东烟台）
答案：1~6 daddac
7. were found; pulled out 8. was used 9. was sent 10. has been trained
中考聚焦
考点1. by mistake
—sorry, jane. i took your schoolbag by .
—it doesn’t matter. （江苏盐城）
a. hand b. mistake c. bike d. heart
【要点简析】by mistake 意为“错误地”，在句中作状语。选b。
考点2. in the end
（词语替换）in the end, he decided to send the sick child to hospital. （四川成都）
a. at once b. at last c. at first
【要点简析】in the end 意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last / finally。选b。
考点3. pleasant
根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空：
①it is rainy today, but tomorrow we’ll have （please）weather.（山东烟台）
②most people like easy jobs and don’t like to do the （pleasant）work.（湖北随州）
【要点简析】pleasant形容词，意为“舒适的；令人愉快的”，一般指天气、时间、旅行等令人感到高兴、愉快和舒服。其反义词是 unpleasant。分别填写：①pleasant；②unpleasant。
考点4. it is said that…
— that china has the largest number of mobile phone users.
—i believe so. it seems everyone has one. （湖北宜昌）
a. someone said b. they told me c. it is said d. i was told
【要点简析】所缺主句的时态要用一般现在时，和that从句的时态保持一致。句型it is said…意为“据说……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。选c。
unit 9 when was it invented?
学习目标：
1.学会使用含有被动语态的不同句型结构“when/ where was it invented?” 和“what are they used for?--- they are used for doing sth..”来谈论各种发明物的历史。
2.学习理解被动语态的含义。能够就不同的发明物与他人交流看法，发表自己的见解，并陈述理由。
3.了解到更多在世界上有重大意义的发明，并向那些伟大的发明家学习。
一、日常用语
1. --- when was the car invented？
---it was invented in 1985.
2. ---when were electric slippers invented？
---they were invented last year.
3. ---who were they invented by？
---they were invented by julie thompson.
4. ---what are they used for？
---they’re used for seeing in the dark.
二.重点短语
1.. be used for 被用来做…
eg.
what is the book used for? 书是用来做什么的？
the book is used for reading. 书是用来读的
the plane is used for traveling. 飞机是用来旅行的
2.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事.
3. according to 根据，按照
4. in this way 这样
5. give sb. some time to do sths 给某人一些时间做某事.
eg.
the teacher gives the student two hours to do homework. 老师给同学们两个小时做作业。
6. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
i’ll help you leave the island. 我将帮助你离开岛屿。
7. by accident 偶然的
by mistake 错误的
8. fall into 落入，陷入
9. in the end= at last=finally 最后
10. make sb. adj. 使某人…
make me happy 使我开心
11. sb. called\named … 被叫作，被称作
a chef called black. 一个叫布莱克的厨师
a doctor named amy 一个叫艾米的医生
12. sprinkle a lot of salt on chips 在薯片上洒大量的盐
13. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
i decide to taste the hot tea 我决定品尝热茶。
14. not…until 直到…才
you can’t leave until i arrive. 直到我到了你才能走。
i can’t watch tv until i finish my home work. 直到我完成作业，我才能看电视。
15. be discovered in 年代
be discovered in 地方
eg.
the tea was discovered in china in 1610. 茶是在16XX年在中国被发现的。
16. over three thousand years 三千年以上
17. produce a pleasant smell 产生一股令人愉快的气味
18. over an open fire. 在明火上
19. in sixth century 在第六世纪
in nineteenth century. 在十九世纪
三.知识点讲解
1.i think the telephone was invented before the car.我认为电话在汽车之前发明的.
(1) i think 后接的一个分句做i think 的宾语,这个分句称叫做宾语从句.
(2)was invented 是被动语态.
(3)invent 做动词,意为 “发明,创造”,其名词有两种形式:一种为inventor “发明者”;一种为 invention “发明,创造”
例如:edison was a great inventor, he invented more than 1,000 inventions in his life.
2.it’s used for scooping really cold ice cream.它是用来舀十分冰冷的冰淇淋的.
句型be used for 意为 “被用来做……”,介词for表示用途,后接名词或动名词.如:
(1) sweater is used for keeping warm.毛衣是用来保暖的.
(2) the knife is used for cutting.小刀是用来切削东西的.
3.the custom said they weren’t salty enough.这个顾客说菜不够咸.
(1)said 后是宾语从句,省略了that.当宾语从句主句用一般过去时,从句也要用过去的某种时态.如:
he asked me whom i was waiting for. 他问我在等谁.
(2)enough修饰形容词或副词时应后置.如:
the little child was not old enough to go to school.这个小孩太小了,不能去上学.
但enough 修饰名词时,可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后.如:
i have enough money to buy it.( i have money enough to buy it.)
4.the potato chips were invented by mistake.由于错误,薯片被发明了.
mistake 做名词,意为 “弄错,误解”如:
you have made a foolish mistake.你犯了一个愚蠢的错误.
mistake 作动词,意为 “弄错,误解”如:
she didn’t speak very clearly so i mistook what she said.她讲的不清楚,所以我误解了她的话.
by mistake 意为 “错误地,弄错地”.
i took his backpack by mistake. 我错拿了他的书包.
he put salt in her cup of tea by mistake.他错把盐放进她的茶里.
5.although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that.虽然,茶直到16XX年才传入西方世界,但是这种饮料在三千多年前就被发现了.
(1)although 作连词,意为 “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,我们不能根据汉语习惯.在后面使用连词but,不过它可以与yet, still连用;若主从句的主语相同,且从句谓语含有动词be,可将从句主语和动词be省略.如:
although (it was)snowing, it was not very cold.
虽然在下雪,但是天气不是很冷.
there is air around us, although we can’t see it.
尽管我们看不见,但是我们周围全是空气.
although (he is) quite young, he knows a lot.
虽然他很年轻,但是他很懂事.
(3) not…until 意为 “直到……才”until 引导一个时间状语从句.如
he didn’t go to bed until his father came home.直到他爸爸回家时他才睡觉.
6.according to an ancient chinese legend, the emperor shen nung discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open air.
根据中国古代的一个传说, 神农帝在户外的火上烧饮用水时发现了茶叶.
(1) according to 是个短语介词,意为 “根据……;依照……”后接代词,名词或由疑问词以及whether引出的名词性从句.如:
according to the radio, it will rain tomorrow.根据收音机说,明天有雨.
according to what you said just now, he was right then.
根据你刚才说的,那么他就对了.
(2) 介词over 在此意为 “在……正上方”而介词above指 “在……的上方”;介词on指 “在……的上面”
7.some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time.
一些叶子从附近的灌木丛落到水里.并在水里浸泡了一段时间.
(1) leaf的复数形式为leaves
(2) remain 表示 “继续留在某处”如
how long will you remain here? 你要在此地停留多久?
(3) fall into “落入,陷入”如:
he was drunk and fell into the water.他酒醉跌落水中.
三、语法知识
1. 被动语态
谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系：
1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；
2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。
例如：
i teach english.（主动语态）我教英语。
our english is taught by him.（被动语态）我们的英语是由他教的。
he speaks english.（主动语态）他说英文。
english is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）世界许多国家都讲英语。
在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be + p.p.（过去分词）。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子做成被动语态的句子，只需要写出be动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。我们知道，be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：
一般现在时 am / is / are
一般过去时 was / were
一般将来时 shall / will + be
过去将来时 would / should + be
现在进行时 am / is / are + being
过去进行时 was / were + being
现在完成时 have / has + been
过去完成时 had + been
说明：
1）以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。
2）另外，表中被斜线隔开的词表示，供根据具体情况作选择。弄清楚了be在各种时态中的变化形式以后，我们就能很轻松地写出被动语态的各种时态了。
我们可看看下面的实例：
english is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般现在时）
世界上许多国家都讲英文。
some tv sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般过去时）
那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。
he won't be allowed, by his father, to marry larra. （一般将来时）
他父亲不会让他娶拉拉为妻的。
they would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （过去将来时）
他们结束训练时将被派往部队。
the project is being carried out.（现在进行时）
这个计划正在执行中。
the case was being investigated then.（过去进行时）
那时这案子正在调查中。
this novel has been translated into several languages.
（现在完成时）这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
they said that production costs had been reduced.
（过去完成时）他们说生产成本已经下降了。
第一课时
教学目标
学习一般过去时的被动语态和特殊疑问句。
教学过程
一、导入（lead-in）：
askthestudentst obefamiliarwiththewordsbelowaccordingtothepicturesoncomputer.(叫学生根据图片或通过多媒体熟悉如下的单词。)
telephone，calculator，car，person alcomputer，tv，electriclight，lightbulb，alarm，
clock，microwaveoven，electricslipper.
二、教学句型
1.教学whenwasthecarinvented?itwasinventedin…
choose、thethreeinventionsoftheseandaskstudentstoguesswheneach0newasin—
vented.(选出其中三项发明，然后让学生猜每个发明的时间。)
比如：你可以选择汽车、电话、手提电脑。让一些不同学生猜并且把日期写在黑板上。
teacher student
whenwasthecarinvented? whenwasthecarinvented?(全班一起读)
good.nowjackie(学生名字)，whatwasyour guess? 1900.
ok.jackie，repeatafterme.thecarwasinventedin1900.
repeattheprocesswithseveraldifferentinventions.(通过同 一方法重复不同的发明。)
atlast，makes tudentsfindouttherealdates.(当学生对句型理解后，学生找出那些发
明正确日期。)
2.教学whowerethelightbulbsinventedby?andwhata retheyusedfor?
首先，老师利用图片，呈现edisonandlightbulbs的画面。
tellthestudentsedisoninventedlig htbulbs.(让学生知道edison发明lightbulbs。)
thenaskthestudentstoanswerthequestionsbelow。(叫学生回答如下的回答。)
teacher student
whowere1ightbulbsinventedby? whowere1ightbulbsinventedby?(全班一起读)
good.nowclassrepeatafterme.theywereinventedbyeidson.
repeattheprocesswithseveraldifferentinventions.(通过同一方法重复不同的发明。
当学生明白后，教师接着问。)
teacher student
class，whatarelightbulbsusedfor? theyareusedforseeinginthedark.(answerswillvary.但确信学生知道beusedfor的用法。)
三、教学la，lc，2c.
利用农远工程教学网中学资源06－07上学期中的学习指导中学英语人教课标版9年级unit9的多媒体课件中的图片、动 画和人机交互自测程序进行以下教学活动。
学生运用多媒体课件进行学习，把la.1c.2c.中的语言点综合起来，叫学生互相之间
回答问题。(askthestudentstoaskandanswerthequestionseacho ther•)并用刚刚学到的目标句型来操练。(若有学生不明白，老师可先示范一次。)最后，抽查几对学生，让他们在全班面前，按要求进行对话。(说明：让学生操练目标语言，并为听懂听力内容打下基础。)[来源:第一范文网]
四、教学lb，2a，2b.
利用农远工程教学网中学资源06－07上学期中的学习指导中学英语多媒体课件中的图片、动画和人机交互自测程序进行以下教学活动。
首先，帮助学生明确本题的要求。接着，听力练习，学生根据录音内容完成lb，2aand2b。
最后，重放一遍录音内容，学生跟读。’
(学生通过听力练习，进一步熟悉本课的目标语言.)
五、教学巩固
完成一个任务：
asksomestudentstoreadaboutaninventionusinganencyclopediaorotherbook
fromthelibrary，orbylookingupinformationontheinternet.havethestudentswriteup
ashortreportanddrawasimplepictureoftheinventionorbringinaphotoofit.askeach
studentstoshowthepictureandreadhisorherreporttotheclass.
说明：通过来完成一个任务.让学生运用所学内容，既巩固了本课所学的语言目标，又开拓了学生的思维，使学生的思维跳出了课本，培养学生在实际生活中运用本课所学内容，来解决现实生活中的实际问题的能力，真正达到了新课标提出的培养学生综合运用语言的能力。
六、作业
1.根据时间和人物写出发明物。
(1)1885_____________
(2)1876_____________
(3)1927_____________
(4)1976_____________
(5)juliethompson_____________
(6)chelsealanmon___________ __
2.回答问题。
(1)whenwas thecarinvented?_______________________________ _____
(2)whatarethecarusedfor?____________________________________
(3)whatisthetelephoneusedfor?____________________________________
(4)whatisheatedicecreamscoopusedfor?_______ _____________________________
(5)whowaspapermakinginventedby?____________________________________
unit 4 when was it invented? section b
知识目标： after learning the text, require the students to master the phrases below
(通过学习，掌握下列词语)
invent, popular drink, by accident, not…until, discover, according to, chinese legend, boil, an open fire, fall(fell) into, remain(ed), notice(d), produce(d), in this way
能力目标：1.practice the students’ listening ability. (听力训练)
2. ask the students to understand the passage very well and answer some
questions according to the passage.
(能够正确理解本文含义，回答相关问题。)
3. useful phrases for the students to retell the new text.
(利用关键词语，能够复述课文大意。)
情感态势：train the students to use their heads and make some inventions in life.
(开动脑筋，培养发明创造能力。)
学习策略：1.chips’ history (a foreign invention) →tea(chinese invention)
2.work in groups and solve problems together
教学流程：
step 1 words revision
dictation:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
step 2 a listening test
the history of potato chips
① _____________________that potato chips were invented by mistake?
potato chips ②_______________by a chef called george crum. they were invented in
③__________ .george crum cooked them for a long time until they ④__________.and he sprinkledlots of salt on them so they were ⑤__________.
step 3 work in groups,read through the passage,and then answer some questions.
step 4 find out the following points:
1.although __________________________________________________________________
eg.用although/though 或bu t填空
__________ he is very old, he still works hard. he is very old, __________ he still works hard.
2.over在本文中的2种解释
①________________ 100多年前______________ 同义词_____________
②________________ 河上的一座桥________________
3….. three thousand years , thousands of
具体使用:________________________________________________
拓展：hundred, million
4.被动语态的使用（找出本文含有被动语态的句子，4个）
①___________________________________________________
②____________________________________________________
③____________________________________________________
④____________________________________________________
5.回顾：主动语态变被动语规则一二三。
step 5 retell the passage by using the key phrases.
step 6 exercises for training.
a.翻译下列词组：
1.被…发现 ______________________ 2.根据______________
3.在室外火炉上___________________
4.fall into___________ 5.produce a pleasant smell________________
b.完成以下各题：
1.a___________ to weather report,we are going to have a few rainy days.
2.alice took amy’s bag ___________________.(错误地)
3. (09青岛中考)chen hui __ computer games, but now he gives them up and studies hard.
a.is used to playing b.is used to play c.used to play d.is used for playing
4. (09聊城中考)li ming will be 12 next month.a new bike __ for him as a present. a.is bought b.was bought c.will be bought d.will buy
5.（09成都中考）人们意外发现格林先生对中国传统艺术有着很高的鉴赏能力。
mr green was found _____ ________ that he had a good taste for chinese traditional art.
6.edison invented light bulbs.(变为被动句) _____________________________
step 7 homework：1. 预习reading 部分生词和课文。
2. 完成学案section b练习。
step 8 课后学与思：___________________________________________
