高考英语语法要点复习教案（精选4篇）
完形填空（cloze）又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。一篇完形填空测试考生的重点和考查初衷，这与短文的空格设计密切相关。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项, 难度是逐渐上升的。在十五道题中，平均的数量比例是2：3：5：5。
一、近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向
1.阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。
《高考考纲》要求完形填空题篇幅为一段约200-250单词的文章，不过自1998年起高考完形填空在词数上(1998年294词)都超过260个单词；XX年高考完形填空题词数为274词，答题时间由原来的18分钟减少为15分钟，这在阅读难度及速度上都对考生提出了更高的要求。
2.生词量有增无减。
XX年以前的高考完形填空题中除人名、地名和部分注释词外，基本上没有生词；但从 XX年开始出现大量不含汉语注释的生词，如在XX年高考完形中出现的生词：link, mounteverest, abominable snowman, occasion, adventure, footprint, prehistory, track等词；在XX年高考完形中的生词更是令考生料想不到的，不到300词的文章中竟多达10个生词，如：intelligence, auto-repair, counter, hammer(用锤子敲打)，goddamned, uneasy, try...on sb.(愚弄，戏耍某人)，creature等词或词组。这些生词的出现影响了阅读的速度，使学生出现理解偏差或理解困难，从而降低了答题正确率。
3.长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。
近几年高考完形材料在句子上突出了对行文逻辑及理解能力方面的考查，在选材上主要表现为长句、复合句增多、句子结构复杂(定语从句、状语从句、插入语等)、句式丰富多样(陈述句、祈使句、省略句、疑问句、感叹句等)，极大地增加了阅读难度，限制了学生的理解程度。如：
the native people said they 38 this creature and called it the"yeti",and they said that they had 39 caught yetis on two occasions 40 none has ever been produced as evidence. (nmet)
i had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 38 have scored more than 80. (nmet)
这就要求考生要善于剖析句子结构，捕捉隐含信息，否则难以正确理解文章内容，进而影响答题正确率。
4.题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多
近几年《考纲》明确要求加强对考生应用能力的考查，在应用中测试考生运用英语基础知识的能力，这一点在近几年高考完形填空中得到了淋漓尽致的体现。具体体现在文章在题目设置上相似项增多，迷惑选项较强，考生必须通过寻找上下文隐含信息，感受语境，采用直接和排除等技巧才能找出符合题意的最佳选项。
5.完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。
如果学生能在考试中把握到高考完形填空的这一特点，就能够对文章有初步的了解，树立全局意识，并且对于梳理上下文脉络，抓住文章的主旨也大有裨益。
二、完形填空题的解题方法和高分策略
1. 语义优先于语法原则
由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失，如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就陷入了答题误区,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则；理解文章的大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断，方为上策。
2. 词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。以XX年高考上海卷第一篇完形填空为例,短文开头提到农民们生活艰难,正寻求新的赚钱方式，随后就说“除了种植新品种的谷物外，还有一些赚钱方法，其中最不同寻常的就是赛羊了。”该考题为空格提供了四个选项，都是形容词性，a项是“共同的，普遍的”；c项是“灵活的”；d项是“非法的”。只有b项“奇特的”符合上下文的语境。农民不是靠种植谷物而靠赛羊来赚钱前所未闻，当然是奇特的赚钱方法了。本题当属句间项考题。
3. 四遍法原则
考生正确的答题步骤应该是:首先跳过空格通读全文，了解短文的大意及文章的体裁，同时将一眼就看出答案的几道题答出；第二遍是答题的关键，考生应一个个地去推敲，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项。
三、平时的练习方法和提高途径
良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底，有人说，"得阅读者得天下"。完形填空也不例外。培养自己良好的阅读习惯应做到：
1. 要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；
2. 要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；
3. 要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；
4. 要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；
5. 要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；
6. 逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。
高三学生的训练量应保持在一个星期6篇题目，每次完成三篇，时间控制在每篇14分钟之内。做题之后注意总结和彻底查清单词的辨义，同时辅以必要的语法书作查缺补漏之用。完形填空题型只要经过科学的训练，相信同学们会得到长足的进步。
英语完形填空高分全攻略
高考英语“雷人”单项选择题五十例
“雷”是时下很流行的网络用语，常常指非常令人惊讶和意外的语言、事情。其实，在高考当中为了迷惑高考学生增加考题难度系数，出题者可谓煞费苦心，同样也精心编制了令我们看完答案后感到很意外的“雷人型”试题。对于大量做题形成惯性思维的学生，这种“雷人型”试题往往杀伤力很大，笔者就此类 “雷人型”试题进行总结剖析。
下面是一些比较典型的“雷人型”题目，请大家做做看：
1. mr. wang made up his mind to devote all he could ____ his oral english before going abroad.
a. improve b. to improve c. improving d. to improving
2. everything he ____ away from him before he returned to his hometown.
a. took b. had been taken c. had had been taken d. had taken
3. before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ____ english.
a. could learning b. learned c. to learn d. could learn
4. you can never imagine what great difficulty i have _____ your house.
a. found b. finding c. to find d. for finding
5. the person we spoke to ____ no answer at first.
a.making b.makes c.make d.made
6. the person we referred to（提及）____ us a report tomorrow.
a.giving b.will give c.gave d.give
7. the days we have been looking forward to ____ soon.
a.coming b.will come c.came d.have come
8. the person we talked about ____ our school last week.
a.visiting b.will visit c.visited d.has visited
9. the man whose songs we are fond of ____ in our city next week.
a.singing b.to sing c.will sing d.sang
10. not only ____ the jewelry she ____ been sold for her son's gambling debts but also her house.
a.is；has b.has；had c.has；has d./；has
11. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. （nmet96）
a. losing b. having lost c. lost d. to lose
12.the research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. （nmet）
a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun
13. ---what do you think made the woman so upset？
--- _____ weight.（1997上海试题）
a. as she put on b. put on c. putting on d. because of putting on
14. time should be made good use of ____ our lessons well.
a. learning b. learned c. to learn d. having learned
15. can _____ be in the desk _____ you have put my letter？
a. it；which b.i；where c. you；in which d. it；that
16. never _____ time come back again.
a. has lost b. will lose c. will lost d. lose
17.--- ____ was it ____ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?
--- totally by chance.
a. what, that b. how, that c. when, how d. where, that
18. i have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to say?
a. what is it that b. what it is what c. how is it that d. how it is that
19. is this factory _____ you visited the other day？
a. the one b. that c. where d. when
20. was it _____ she heard with her ears _____ really made her frightened？
a. what；that b. it；that c. that；which d. what；/
21. _____ what the six blind men said sounded！
a. how foolishly b. how foolish c. what foolishly d. what foolish
22. it was _____ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
a. repair b. repairing c. to repair d. in repair
23. is this hotel _____ you said we were to stay in your letter?
a. that b. where c. the one d. in which
24. please tell me the way you thought of ___ the garden.
a. take care of b. to take care of
c. taking care of d. how to take care of
25. a fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
a. which b. where c. there d. what
26. the film brought the hours back to me ______ i was taken good care of in that far-away village.
a. until b. that c. when d. where
27. the professor has written another book ____ of great importance to computer science. a. which i think it is b. and i think is
c. which i think is d. when i think is
28. —where do you think _____ he _____ the computer？ —sorry，i have no idea.
a. had；bought b. has；bought c. did；buy d./；bought
29. we should do more such exercises in the future, i think, _____ those we did yesterday.
a. as b. like c. about d. than
30. he will tell you _____ he expects will win such a match.
a. why b. whom c. which d. who
31. in new zealand, i made lots of friends ___ a very practical knowledge of the english language.
a. get b. to get c. getting d. got
32. i'm busy now. i'm sorry i can't help ____ the flowers.
a. watering b. watered c. waters d. to water
33. who would you rather _____ the report instead of you?
a. have write b. have to write c. write d. have written
34. we must stop pollution _____ longer.
a. living b. from living c. to live d. live
35. ---was it under the tree ____ you were away talking to a friend?
--- sure. but when i got back there, the bike was gone.
a. that b. where c. which d. while
36. not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
a. whose b. its c. which d. that
37. wang ling was elected ____ all he is the tallest.
a. because b. because of c. for d. as
38. we’ll be free tomorrow, so i suggest ____ to the history museum.
a. to visit b. visiting c. we should visit d. a visit
39. i like swimming, while what my brother enjoys ____.
a. cooking b. to cook c. is cooking d. cook
40. thank you for the trouble you have ____ to help me.
a. paid b. taken c. had d. asked
41. who is it up _____ decide whether to go or not?
a. to to b. for for c. to for d. for to
42. we keep in touch ____ writing often.
a. with b. of c. on d. by
43. --- how long have you been here?
--- _____ the end of last month.
a. in b. by c. at d. since
44. you should treat him （in） the way ____ suits him most.
a. that b. in which c. / d. why
45. he insisted that the sky ____ clear up the following day.
a. would b. should c./ d. be
46. he is a strict but kind-hearted father, ____ the children respect but are afraid of. a. / b. that c. for whom d. one whom
47. mr. smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.
a. such; that b. such; as c. so; that d. so; as
48. please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting--- i’ve got too much work _____.
a. to do to come b. doing coming c. to do coming d. doing to come
49. --- you haven’t been to beijing, have you?
-- _____. and how i wish to go there again!
a. yes, i have b. yes, i haven’t c. no, i have d. no, i haven’t
50. he was sentenced to death _____ what he has stolen from the bank.
a. that b. since c. because d. because of
简析：
1.此题中包含固定短语devote…to，其中to 为介词，后面应接定名词。动词devote后接的宾语为all，all又为先行词，后又包含一个定语从句：he could （do）。此题很容易误以为could后应接动词原形，而易选为a。答案为d。
2.此题应该首先把句子结构分析清楚。句中everything既作句子的主语，又作先行词，后接定语从句（that） he had，而had been taken 是过去完成时的被动态作句子的谓语。此题的意思为“在他返回家乡之前，他所有的一切都被拿走了”。故选c。
3.此题中包含句型结构spend … （in） doing sth., 其中题中spent的宾语为much time , much time作为先行词，后又接定语从句he could （spend）。故选a。
4.题中difficulty为先行词，后接定语从句（that） i have ，实际上构成一个固定句型：have difficulty （in） doing sth.。因为in 可以省略，所以选b。
5.此题中也包含一个定语从句we spoke to，the person既作先行词，又作句子的主语，要填入的应该是句子的谓语，根据句子的需要，应选过去时。本题中的to为陷阱，实际上它属于定语从句中，而不影响主句的谓语动词。故d正确。
6.同上题一样，句中包含定语从句we referred to，所缺成份为句子的谓语，又根据句中的tomorrow，故用将来时。选b。
7.同理，此句中的定语从句包含短语look forward to，虽然to 为介词，但并不影响主句的谓语动词，只是一个陷阱而矣。又根据句中的soon，应用将来时，故选b。
8.同样，句中包含的定语从句we talked about中about虽为介词，但不影响主句的谓语，又根据后面的时间状语为last week，故应选c。
9.此句也包含定语从句whose songs we are fond of，其中of 虽为介词，但不影响主句的谓语动词，而句中时间状语为next week，故选c。
10.此题中由于not only 置于句首，故用部分倒装结构。第一个has助动词，是句中谓语动词has been sold中has的提前。第二个has为实义动词，属于定语从句中，表示“有”的意思。本句的意思为：不但是她所有的珠宝，而且还有她的房子一起已经被卖掉作为她儿子的赌债了。答案为c。
11.此题为省略句。lost in thought 相当于because he was lost in thought。短语be lost in 表状态，表示“陷入……”。故选c。
12.此题也为省略句。连词once后省略了主语the search，从句“once begun”相当于“once the search is begun”。答案为d。
13.此题也是一个省略回答，完整的回答是：putting on weight made the woman so upset。 用动名词短语作主语。故选c。
14.此题选c，考查的是不定式做目的状语。此句是利用被动结构设置陷阱。转化为主动态是：（we） should make good use of time to learn our lessons well。
15.此题实际上是考查强调句型it…that…，只是用一般疑问句形式增加了难度而矣。故选d。
16.本题考查的是倒装结构。正常语序为：lost time will never come back again。其中lost 为过去分词作定语，表示“失去了的时间”。故选c。
17.首先根据回答totally by chance可知，问句是问有关方式的问题，故第一空应填how；其次，问句是强调句型的一种特殊疑问句形式，强调的是方式状语how。故选b。
18.此题实际上考查的也是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调的是疑问词what。而答案b不是疑问语序。故选a。
19.本题可以改为：this factory is _____ you visited the other day. 句中is 后面无表语，后面定语从句也没有先行词，故填入既做表语又做先行词的the one。所以答案为a。
20.此题考查的是强调句型中又包含主语从句的情况。what she heard wither ears是由what引导的主语从句。第二空中的that则为强调句型中的that。故答案为a。
21.此题为感叹句。句中有系动词sound，它后面应接形容词。该句可改为：what the six blind men said sounded foolish. 故选b。
22本题仍考查的是强调句型。该句可还原为：the old man spent the whole morning at home （in） repairing the old clock。故选b。
23.此题与第19题相比，19题中的visited 为及物动词，而本题中的stay为不及物动词，in your letter中的in 不可与stay 连用。此题可改为：this hotel is where you said we were to stay in your letter. 实际上是由where 引导的表语从句，而不可看作由the one 作先行词的定语从句。答案为b。
24.此题是以插入语设置陷阱。you thought of 为插入语，不影响to take care of 作the way 的定语。答案为b。
25.句中just as the name suggests是作插入语，把它去掉后发现是由where引导的定语从句，先行词为the place。故选b。
26.同样，此句中定语从句的先行词the hours被back to me隔而矣。先行词在定语从句中充当状语。故选c。
27.答案选c。i think是插入语。a答案中的it是多余的。
28.此题中do you think是插入语。但在有do you think的特殊疑问句中，虽是疑问句，句子却要用陈述语序。故选d。
29.本题中i think 是插入语。exercises 被more修饰，故应选than，构成比较结构more…than…。不能受such的影响而选了a。答案为d。
30.此题中he expects为插入语。舍去后发现宾语从句中缺做人的主语who。故选答案d。
31.该题中不可把made理解为使役动词，而误选a。实际上made lots friends意思是“交了很多朋友”，答案b是不定式to get在句中作目的状语。
32.答案为d。此题中的can’t help 并不是表示“情不自禁做某事”的意思，根据上文是可知是表示“不能帮助做某事”，其结构为：can’t help （to） do。
33.此题考查的是结构：have sb do sth.。可以把它变成陈述句来理解：i would rather have tom write the report instead of you.再就tom 提问就变成了who（m） would you rather have write the report instead of you? 故选a。
34.此题并不是考查我们熟悉的结构stop …（from） doing sth，而是不定式表目的，此句的意思为：我们必须阻止污染以便活得更长。故选c。
35.此题很容易误以为是强调句型而选a。做好此题关键是正确理解句中的it的意思。从上下文的语境来看，it 应是代词，指代the bike，故用while 引导时间状语。句子可以理解为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗？”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”故选d。
36.答案为b。此题关键是理解seated这个单词，它是过去分词，而不是作谓语的过去式。它不能在句中谓语。所以后面句子不是一个非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，故选代词its。
37.本题很容易误选为a。因为because后接句子。正确答案应为b。并不是考查because of 这个短语，而是of all“在所有的里”这个短语。句意为“wand ling 被选取了是因为在所有的人里面他是最高的”。
38.此题在特别注意小品词to, 我们知道visit为及物动词，后面不加to，而作名词时则可以。故选d。
39.此题容易误选a。实际上what my brother enjoys是主语从句，不影响后面的成份。故选c。
40.此题考查固定短语：take the trouble to do sth，表示“不辞辛劳地去做某事。”所以答案为b。
41.答案为a。第一个to属于be up to这个短语，第二个to为不定式表目的状语。
42.本题容易误选a。误以为是考查固定短语keep in touch with，其实考查由by作方式状语。答案为d。
43.此题容易选a或b。以为是考查固定短语。答案为d。表示“自从上个月末以来”。
44.此题中先行词the way 后面的定语从句中充当主语。故只能选a。如果先行词the way有从句中充当状语，则可以用that, in which或省略。
45.此题中的insisted 作“坚持说，确信”，不用虚拟语气；只有作“坚持要求，坚持认为”时，才用虚拟语气。故选a。
46.此题答案只能为d。替代词one在句中作同位语，代指father，后面再接一个定语从句。先行词one 又在从句中充当宾语。
47.此题中要注意到及物动词respect后没有带宾语。故此句不是由such… that…引导的结果状语从句，而是由as 引导的定语从句。故答案为b。
48.此题答案应为a。不定式to do 与have got much work 搭配，即have got much work to do（有许多工作要做）；不定式to come 与much 前的too搭配，构成too…to…句式 。句意为“我有太多的工作要做，不能来”。
49.注意题中最后一个单词again（看三遍！）。不要误选为d。答案应为a。全句的句意为“你没有去过北京，是不是？”“不，我去过。我多么想再一次去那里。”
50.不要误选为c。实际上what 从句从本质上相当于一个名词。what he had stolen=the thing（s） that he had stolen。故选d。
句子是构成篇章的基本单位。要读懂一篇文章，首先要理解每个句子。同样，要写出一篇文章，首先要写好每个句子。一个句子最短的基本成分是“主+谓”，最长的基本成分是“主+谓+宾+补”。基本成分的修饰语为附属成分：定语—修饰限制名词或代词的单词﹑短语或从句；状语—修饰限制谓语﹑句子或句子里一部分的单词﹑短语或从句。
一、附属成分作定语
英语中的定语可分为限制性定语和非限制性定语。用来作定语的有：名词﹑数词﹑形容词﹑代词﹑副词﹑介词短语﹑非谓语动词和定语从句等等。
1. 限制性定语：单个词放在被修饰的词前面，短语和从句放在被修饰的词后面。
（1）名词﹑形容词﹑副词﹑数词﹑代词或介词短语等；
①she worked in a shoe factory.
②please don’t be so cruel to a ten-year-old child like that.
副词作定语一般放在被修饰的词后面, 以表示位置的居多。如：
③do you know the man over there?
④poor jack tottered toward a hospital nearby.
present, absent, a-开头的形容词和形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。可以理解成which /that / who +is（was） / are（were）引导的定语从句的省略。如：
⑤all the people present at the party were his supporters.
⑥i think he is the oldest man alive in the small town.
（1）非谓语动词（短语）,一般可转换成限制性定语从句。
①let’s find a restaurant to have lunch in.
句中黑体部分可改为：where/in which we can have lunch
②the repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.
句中黑体部分可改为：that/which was well spent
【注】 -ing形式作定语时只能用一般式， 表示与谓语动词动作同时发生，不可使用其完成式。如：
③suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.
句中黑体部分可改为：who/that was driving a golden carriage
④the flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
句中黑体部分可改为：that/which smell sweet in the botanic garden
（3）限制性定语从句。
①we are living in an age when/in which many things are done on computer.
②many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the tiger.
2. 非限制性定语，一般放在后面，对中心词起修饰作用，而不对其进行限制。省略之后对句子意思的表达影响不大。
（1）名词﹑数词﹑形容词等短语，可理解为一个省略的非限制性定语从句。
①david, our english teacher, appreciated your idea much.
句中黑体部分可改为：who was our english teacher
②he was sent to france, a european country.
句中黑体部分可改为：which was a european country
（2）非谓语动词（短语）,一般可转换成非限制性定语从句。如：
the manager, making it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
句中黑体部分可改为： who made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us
（3）非限制性定语从句，常可转换成分词或并列句。如：
①john said he’d been working in the office for an hour, which was true.
句中黑体部分可改为：and it was true
②the famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
句中黑体部分可改为：trying to make a comeback
【注】 as引导的非限制性定语从句常可提前，但and引导的并列句应在前一个分句后。如：
as is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
可改为：we have worked out the production plan and it is often the case.
二、附属成分作状语
状语是用来修饰限制谓语﹑整个句子或句子里的一部分。常用来作状语的有：形容词﹑副词﹑介词短语﹑非谓语动词和状语从句等等。状语和句子间的逻辑关系各有不同，可以分成不同的状语：原因状语、时间状语、条件状语、结果状语、让步状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语等等。
（1）形容词﹑副词和介词短语等作状语。如：
①thirsty, he went into a tea house. （thirsty 是形容词，可看成是分词短语being thirsty的省略，对主语he进行补充说明）
②she sat quietly in her seat.（quietly是副词，修饰动作sat）
【注】 形容词通常不作状语，偶尔有形容词作状语，通常表示原因、方式、伴随、时间、让步等。如：
③he came in, full of fear. （表伴随，相当于when he came in, he was full of fear.）
④ripe, the fruit tastes better. （表时间，相当于when the fruit is ripe.）
⑤right or wrong, i will stand on your side. （表让步，相当于whether you are right or wrong.）
（2）非谓语动词（短语），可转换成状语从句。如：
①lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. =句中黑体部分可补充为：after they were lost in the mountains for a week.
②it was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.
句中黑体部分可改为：in order that they could have a look at the sports stars
（3）状语从句。
①the house could fall down soon if no one does some quick repair work. （表条件）
②roses need special care so that they can live through winter. （表目的）
③since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.（表原因）
④he speaks english as though he were an englishman. （表方式）
熟练掌握句子的附属成分，对准确理解句子意思大有裨益，对长句的理解很有好处。在阅读中，有利于将长句读短，去掉枝蔓，抓住核心，提高篇章的理解能力。了解句子的附属成分也有助于写作。正确使用好句子附属成分能将意思表达更加准确，叙述更加生动，丰富表达方式，增强文章感染力。
真题精练
1. （XX年上海）i made so many changes in my composition that only i could read it. to _____ else, it was hard to make out.
a. none b. everyone c. someone d. anyone
2. （XX年北京）there have been several new events _____ to the program for the olympic games.
a. add b. to add c. adding d. added
3. （XX年广东）no matter how frequently _____, the works of beethoven still attract people all over the world.
a. performing b. performed
c. to be performed d. being performed
4. （XX年陕西）he hurried to the booking office only __ that all the tickets had been sold out.
a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told
5. （XX年天津）the beatle, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool.
a. what b. that c. how d. as
6. （XX年江西）the hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _____, it caused 20 deaths.
a. or else b. therefore
c. after all d. besides
7. （XX年湖南）i had just stepped out the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _____ i heard the steps.
a. while b. when c. since d. after
8. （XX年浙江）i was given three books on cooking, the first _____ i really enjoyed.
a. of that b. of which c. that d. which
9. （XX年上海）—it’s a top secret.
—yes, i see. i will keep the secret _____ you and me.
a. with b. around c. among d. between
10. （XX年江苏）my most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on america, was red sussel, my great-grand father.
a. one b. the one c. he d. someone
（keys: 1. d 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. d 7. b 8. b 9. d 10. c）
单词的意义、搭配及其运用是高中英语词汇教学的主要内容，其中一些词义的辨析是很令人头疼的，而且也很难记得明白。但如果能在一个句子中将几个词的词义差异部分同时展示出来，这样的例句在英语的教学中起着事半功倍的作用。如：
1、hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted.这个地区是可以狩猎的，尽管法律上不允许。allow指“听凭”，“不禁止”，含有消极的意味。permit指正式地“允许”或根据法律规定“许可”, 比allow来得积极。
2、i received his gift from him, but i didn’t accept it .我收到他的礼物，但我没有接受。
3、you should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors.你应该为你的可耻的行为感到羞愧。
4、the boss insisted that the man had stolen the money and insisted that he (should) leave the company at once.老板坚持说那个人偷了钱并坚持要求他立刻离开公司。
5、there are so many cakes for me to choose from that i can’t make up my mind which to choose.有那么多的蛋糕可供从中选择，我无法决定选择哪一个。
6、be sure to get to the airport on time, and make sure everything is ready before you start.务必要准时到机场并且确保在出发前一切都准备好了。
7、it seemed that she was not a bit worried, but in fact, she was not a little worried about it.表面看来她似乎一点也不担心，事实上她非常担心。
8、he felt so sleepy that he soon fell asleep.他觉得很瞌睡很快就睡着了。
9、i called at his house, but he wasn’t in. so i left a message telling him that i would call on him the next day.我到他家拜访，可他不在家。所以我留下口信告诉他第二天再去拜访他。
10、i know him, but when i saw him last night, i could hardly recognize him.我知道他，但当我昨天见到他的时候几乎没认出他来。
11、the motor cost me 4300 yuan. but i don’t think it’s worth that much.这辆摩托花了我4300元，但认为它不值这个钱。
12、they got married in 1995. so far they have been married for 10 years.他们是1995年结的婚（瞬间动作），到现在已经结婚（延续动作）十年了。
13、when she found her necklace missing, she knew that the necklace was lost forever.当她发现项链不见了便知道它再也找不着了。
14、don’t believe what he says. work hard and believe in yourself, and you’ll succeed one day.不要相信他说的话，努力学习，相信你自己，你会成功的。
15、he cut down the tree and cut it up for winter use.他把树砍倒并砍碎准备过冬用。
16、the sailor has rich experience and he often tells us his interesting experiences.这水手有丰富的经验，他经常给我们讲他有趣的经历。
17. i was greatly moved by this moving story. 我被这个感人的故事深深感动了。
18、i’m very pleased with my own cooking .it has a pleasant smell and i’m sure it will please my husband.我对自己做的菜感到满意，菜闻起来不错，肯定能令丈夫高兴的。
19、the boy lied that a hen was lying under the tree laying eggs.那男孩撒谎说有只母鸡（躺）在树下生蛋。
20、my suitcase contains some clothes, including a few sweaters and trousers.我箱子里面有些衣服，包括几件毛衣和几条裤子。
附：the whole book contains 12units, including two mainly revisions.整个这本书有十二个单元，包括两个单元的总复习。
21、these shoes cost too much. what’s more, they are much too small for me.这鞋花费太多，而且我穿着太小。
附：i’ve got too much work to do on a much too cold winter night.在一个非常寒冷的冬夜，我有太多的工作要做。
22、i can’t think of his name, but i’ll think about what he has said to me.我想不起他的名字，但我会考虑他跟我说过的话。
23、i used to rise very late during the summer vacation, but i’ve got used to getting up very early .我（过去）在暑假期间常常起得很晚，但现在习惯了起得很早。
24、he is sitting in the front of the car and can see a pond clearly in front of the car.他坐在轿车前部可以清楚地看见有一个池塘在前面。
25、last year, my total income, with my reward added to, added up to 15000yuan.去年我的总收入，加上奖金，总计为一万五千元。
26、the bed made of wood is mad up of three separate parts.这张（由）木制的床由三部分组成。
27、japan lies to the east of china in the east of asia. it faces the pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部（范围内），中国东面（不接壤），东临太平洋（接壤）。
28、we were all deeply shocked when we heard that some workers were deep in the well.当我们得知一些工人被深埋井下时都深感震惊。
29、his life was in danger when facing the dangerous tiger.面对危险的老虎，他的生命处于危险之中。
30、he lives alone in a lonely mountain village, but he doesn’t feel lonely.他独自一人住在一个偏僻的山村里，但并不觉得孤独。
31、——david has made great progress recently.最近戴维进步很大。
——so he has, and so have you.他确实进步很大，你也是。
32、gibert discovered electricity, but edison invented the light bulb.吉波特发现了电，然而是爱迪生发明了电灯。
33、for once we heard a loud noise so we stood at once.有一次我们听到一声巨响，都立刻站了起来。
34、i read the newspaper and read of his death.我读了报纸，得知他死去的消息。
35、she looked for her cellphone everywhere and found it at last.她到处找她的手机，最后找着了。
36、whatever david says sounds right to helen. that’s why she has made up her mind to live with him whatever (no matter what) happens.对海伦来说，无论戴维说什么（名词性从句）都是对的。这就是为什么她决心无论发生什么事（状语从句）都要和他在一起。
37、an ordinary worker in beijing earns 1800 yuan a month, which is common nowadays.北京一个普通工人一个月能赚一千八百元，如今也很常见了。
38、he went specially to see her in such an especially hot summer.在这样一个特别炎热的夏天，他特意地去看她。
39、a respectable man is one who is worthy of being respected.一个令人尊敬的人是值得受人尊敬的。
40、though he is not young any longer, he has a youthful attitude towards life.尽管他已不再年轻，他对人生仍有年轻人般的态度。
41、one may have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which constitute one’s character.一个人可能只有一种“性格”，但可能有多种“特征，特点”，所有这些“特征特点”便构成了一个人“总的特征，品质”。
42、it is possible（有可能） but not probable （很可能）that it will rain before evening.傍晚前可能下雨，但不见得会下。
43、electronic games don’t have many effects on grown-ups but affect students a great deal.电子游戏对成年人影响不大，但是对学生影响很大。
44、sometimes changes take place in matter and the substances never return to their former condition.有时物质（总称，不可数）发生变化，（这些具体的物质，可数）再也不会恢复到原来的状态。
45、the doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t cure her. 医生用一种新药为她治头痛，但没把她治好。
46、he worked no more than （仅仅，只有）a week, so he could get not more than (至多，不超过)100 yuan. 他只干了一个星期，因此他至多能得到一百元。
47、i used to be dependent on my parents. now i’m independent of them. 我从前一切都依赖父母，现在我独立了。
48、you may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it. 看书可能使你疲劳，但不应该对看书感到厌烦。
49、here is another tip: don’t touch the tip with the tips of your fingers. 还有一条提示：别用手指尖摸小费。
50、he is shooting at a bird, but he doesn’t shoot it.他向一只鸟射击，但没有射中。
51、anything imaginary is the products of an imaginative person’s mind.任何虚构的东西都是有想象力的人的产物。
好的例句不仅能够凸现需讲解的语言项目的意义、句法特征、搭配及其运用等内容，而且能将特定词汇的讲解与相应的语境发生联系，让学习者一接触目标词汇就建立深刻的感知印象，从而加深记忆，促进词汇的储存和提取。
我们的目标例句所具有的特点是：“用精炼的语境凸现形近词或近义词的语义和句法关键特征。”如果我们动动脑筋，这样的例句还有很多，如：
52、considering tom (to be) fit for the office, the boss considered taking him on.认为汤姆称职，老板考虑雇用他。
53、my father is an officer in the army, while his father is an official in the government.我爸爸是部队里的军官，而他爸爸是政府官员。
54、she had borne two children but they were born deaf.她生了两个孩子，但他们生来就聋。主动语态中，只能用borne，在被动语态中由引导行为主体要用borne，其他情况用born。
55、one may be conscious of fear, but not altogether aware of the danger which is going on about him.人们可能会心感恐惧，但并不能全然察觉到周围将发生什么危险。
56、you shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all, he is a child after all; above all, he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是，他总共才出了两次错。at all根本; after all毕竟; above all首先; in all总共。
57、this article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated(=to be translated).这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。
58、i have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it.我发现给孩子提建议的最好的办法是先弄明白他们想做什么，然后再建议他们去做什么。find指一种客观结果，
find out实指主观有意识的找出、查明。
59、i have kept company with him for five years, and i enjoy his company. now we’re working in the same company.我和他结交已经五年了，我喜欢与他在一起。现在，我们在同一个公司工作。company公司；同伴；keep company with与---结交
62、she is very strict not only with all of us, but in all her own work..她不仅对我们都很严格，对她自己的工作要求也很严格。
63、questions are easy to answer but it is hard to solve the problems.回答问题容易，但要解决这些问题很难。
64、the reason for his departure was that he wanted to look into the cause of the accident.他离开的缘由是想调查事故的原因。
65、everybody in the class ( besides the teacher) except li ming himself thinks that the composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.班里的人（甚至老师）除了李明本人都认为这作文除了一些拼写错误之外，写的不错。
66、the man who used to work in a chemical works is now a chemistry teacher.那个过去在化工厂工作的人现在是一个化学老师。
67、the writer went to the village every day
so as to get familiar with the everyday life there.作家每天去那村子，为的是想了解那儿的日常生活。
68、people generally quarrel because they cannot argue.人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。
69、i saw a saw saw a log into four.我看到一把锯把一根木头锯成了四块。
70、a number of teachers are present today, the number of them is 300.许多教师今天都出席了，（数量）有300人。
71、i would like to go out for a walk; i like walking in the rain.我想出去散散步，我喜欢在雨中行走。
72、a reason explains why you do something. a cause makes something happen. reason 解释做某事的原因，cause（导致）某事发生。
73、the wet wood on the fire was on fire an hour ago.一小时前在炉子上的湿木头着火了。
74、the policeman seized the thief who snatched the girl’s purse.警察抓住了抢那个女孩钱包的小偷。
75、it would be foolish to let such an opportunity slip, it is the chance of a lifetime.让这样千载难逢的（好）机会溜掉，实在是太愚蠢了。
76、the enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.敌兵四处逃窜，但很少能逃出去。
77、at last we found him in a trap in the forest, still living but not alive.最后我们在森林里的陷阱里找到他的时候，他虽然还活着，但已是奄奄一息。
78、i often attend meeting and sometimes i take part in its discussion.我经常出席会议，有时参加大会的讨论。
79、though we lost the first two games, we managed to win the match at last.尽管我们输了前两场，但最终还是赢得了这场比赛的胜利。
80、the teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises, and the students are preparing for the final examination.老师正在准备复习用的练习，而学生们正在为期末考试做准备。
81、have you read steinway’s latest novel? it’s much better than his last one. 你读过斯坦威的最新小说吗？比他的上一部小说好多了。
82、“is there (any) room for me to sit down here?” “yes, there’s a place in the corner.” “这里有我坐的地方吗？”“是的，在角上有。”
83、yesterday i beat john at chess. he won only one set, while i won two sets.昨天我和约翰下棋，赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。
84、when no more letters came from her, i knew she was no longer in canada.当她没有信来时，我就知道她不再在加拿大了。
85、in order to keep the children from swimming in sea, he keeps them staying at home all day.为了不让孩子们去海里游泳，他让他们整天呆在家里。
86、i threw a stone to tom and he picked it up and threw it at the dog.我把一块石头扔给汤姆，他拾起那块石头打狗。
87、jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。
88、their reform is a decided victory, but whether it is a decisive one only time can tell.他们的改革取得了成功，但是否决定性的胜利只能用时间来回答。
89、in the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a book.在办公室的角落里有一张桌子，在桌角上放着一本书。
90、my favorite tv show has a favorable review in the newspaper.我特别喜爱的电视节目得到报纸的好评。
91、mr. black was afraid to climb the tree, for he was afraid of falling down from it.布莱克先生不敢爬树，因为他怕从树上掉下来。
92、the manager was angry at seeing his employee murmuring in the office then warned them not to whisper again.经理看到员工在办公室里窃窃私语非常生气，于是警告他们不要再私下交谈。
93、mrs. smith, you can’t take as much the fruit as freely though they are free today.斯密斯夫人，尽管这些水果今天免费，但也不能不受限制拿那么多。
94、he took my bag in error, while i took yours by mistake.他不巧错拿了我的包，而我错拿了你的包。
95、the little girl is fond of ice cream but she doesn’t like ice cream today.这小女孩一向喜爱冰淇淋，但今天却不喜欢。
96、he got up early so as to catch the train. and in order to rise early, he set the alarm clock the previous night.他起的很早，为的是能赶上那趟火车；而为了能早起，他前天晚上就定了闹钟。
97、since i’m not nearly ready, i have almost nothing to say.由于远没有准备好，我几乎没什么可说的。
98、joe is a computer fan-he likes surfing the internet all the time and playing computer games.乔是个电脑迷，他喜欢上网，喜欢玩电脑游戏。
99、the majority of people are against the plan. i mean, most of the people are against the plan.大多数人都反对这计划。
100、compared with your , mine is .i often compare it to .与你的相比，我的是。我常把它比作。
