Make our world more beautiful（精选3篇）
Teaching aims and demands
1. 1. words
(1) give the new words English meanings:
pour: to make a liquid flow from or into
rubbish: things that you throw away because you do not want them
litter: pieces of paper and other waste that are left in public places
spit: to force out the liquid in your mouth
dustbin: a large container for rubbish kept outside your house
collect: to get things from different places and bring them together
recycle: to put used paper, glass, plastic, etc. through a process so that it can be used again
contribution: something that you do to help produce or develop something, or to help make something successful
(2) Find the new words in the passage:
As a middle school student, you should pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin, you should spend your part time collecting waste paper or bottles for recycling, you’d better plant trees or flowers in your schoolyard as many as possible. If you do those, it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment.
As a middle school student, you shouldn’t throw any litter onto the ground, you shouldn’t draw pictures on public walls, and you shouldn’t spit anywhere and cut down any trees. If you don’t do those, it means that you have already helped protect our environment.
2. expressions
(1) The factory was pouring wastewater into the river near it.
(2) Businessmen are afraid of newspapers and TV stations.
(3)How long have you been a member of Greener China?
(4) If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
(5) Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for recycling?
(6) Have you ever cut down trees?
3. grammar
The present perfect tense
for 12 weeks =since 12 weeks ago
Teaching steps
Lesson 9
“Greener China”
1. revision
(1) could you say something about the youngest swimmer to cross the Qiongzhou Channel on his birthday?
(2) Exercise:
Fill in the blanks:
Li lida, failed _____ ______ the Qiongzhou Channel in 2000, but his dream _____ _____ on May 17, 2001, his ______, he became the youngest person to swim _____ the channel _____ Hainan Island _____ the mainland. He _____ _____ the South China Sea _____ a beach _____ Guangdong ______ 6:02______ the morning. It took him 9 hours and 58 minutes ______ ______ his ______. His parents and his teacher were ______ ______ him on the beach in Haikou. They were all very ______ ______ him. He is ______ ______ the pride of their school, ______ ______ the pride of all the people in Hainan.
2. Read and say
(1) Look at the pictures in lesson 9
1. what can you see in picture 1?
2. and what is the factory doing now?
3. does pouring waste water into rivers harm the environment?
4. do you think we can do something about it?
Listen to the tape and tell me what things Victor and Hu lan are going to do about it.
(2) Let’s act it out
(3) Questions
1. what is “ greener china”?
2. is there a paper factory pouring waste water into the river near it in your hometown?
3. do you think the idea in the dialogue a good one?
4. do you like to do it as they will do to protect the environment?
(4) Let’s do the following exercises
1. A: I called you yesterday, but you weren’t in. where were you?
B: I have _____ _____ a paper factory.
2. . A: where is Ann?
B: she isn’t here. She ______ ______ ______ the library.
3. A: how long have you ______ ______ the factory?
B: ______ three years.
4. A: how long have you ______ ______ the farm?
B: ______ I became a farmer.
3. Presentation
Learn to use “for” and “since”.
4. Ask and answer
Change the phrases in part 2 lesson 9 into the following to make the dialogue more interesting.
(1) a member of Greener china / a member of the League
(2) how long have you / has your father been at this factory?
(3) How long have you / has Ronaldo been in the football team?
(4) How long have you / have 动力火车 been in the band?
(5) How long have you / has Mr. Lee been an English teacher?
5. Workbook
exercise 1: the answers to some of the questions may be:
(2) if the students use the sentence in the book: the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it. It’s not very fit. The right answer should be: the factory has poured waste water into the river near it.
(6) because good environment can be good for our health, and if the environment is very bad, it can harm the earth and the people living on it.
(7) the answer to this question may be:
1. don’t smoke
2. don’t pour waste water into the rivers or throw about waste paper and bottles everywhere
3. don’t spit in the public place or draw pictures on the public walls
4. don’t cut down the trees
6. Homework
(1) get ready to have a dictation of the new words in unit 3
(2) recite part one with your partner
(3) finish the work in workbook and the exercise book
Lesson 10
1. Revision
（1） To ask the class some relative questions:
How long have you studied in this school?
How long hove you learnt English?
How long have you been a league member?
How long has your father worked in his factory?
How long has your mother worked in the hospital?
How long has your sister studied in the college?
（2） To act the dialogue out in lesson 9.
2. Enter/ Pre-read
Talk about the following questions:
（1） What things can harm the environment?
（2） What do you think we should do to improve our environment?
3. read
（1） Questions
Listen to the tape carefully, and find out the answer to the questions:
What things can you do to deep the environment clean?
Don’t throw litter on the ground, don’t draw pictures on walls, don’t spit in a public place, and don’t cut down trees.
What things can you do to improve the environment?
Pick up rubbish and throw it into a dustbin, collect waste paper and bottles for recycling, plant trees and flowers.
（1）Explaining the new words:
Rubbish: things people don’t want to use again
Litter: things people throwing in the public place
Rubbish means trash in the USA.
Produce means making something
Recycle: collect waste things for reuse.
Neighborhood: a group of people lived together
（1） Listen and repeat and then do exercise 1 in the workbook.
（2） Talk about how to protect the environment with the last three questions in exercise 1
（3） Exercises:
A piece of beautiful music came to my ears.
I _______ a piece of nice music.
There was a truck _______ rubbish outside.(collect)
________ care of our environment is very important. (take)
What makes the man very sad? _______ his purse. (lose)
If everyone makes a contribution to ________ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. (protect)
4. Workbook
Exercise 4, write a report in the exercise book.
5. Homework
Recite the text.
Dictation for the new words in it.
Lesson 11
The more trees we plant, the better our hometown will be.
1. Revision
(1) Have a dictation for the new words in lesson 10 and 11.
(2) Ask some of the students to give a short talk about the environment.
(3) Do exercise 1 in lesson 10 to revise the story about the environment..
2. read and act
(1) Listen and answer: why has ling feng gone to plant trees again?
(2) Practice in pairs and then act it out in front of the class.
3. ask and answer
(1) act it out with some of the students and then ask others to act it out as we did.
4. guess the riddles
(1)Shoes
(2) The letter at the beginning of the word, or a hill is hard to go up and a pill is hard ot get down.
(3) Your name
5. Workbook
Finish all the exercises in it .
6. homework
do exercise 1 and 2 in the exercise book.
Lesson 12
Let’s do more, and say less!
1. Revision
(1) Interview some people with the present perfect tense such as:
How long have you learned English?
How long has you father been teacher in the school?
(2) Revise the forms of the verbs by doing the exercise 1 in lesson 11.
2. Listening
Read the words first and the listen to the tape, listen again after giving the class a few minutes to write down their answers.
Check the answer at once.
3. Ask and tick
Ask a friend or your partner these questions in the questionnaire. Then tick his /her answers.
4. Write
Write a short report about your friend based on the questionnaire.
5. Read and match
Work in pairs and find the right picture the sentence described.
6. Checkpoint 3
Go through it
Make sentence with the useful expressions
7. Test
Write a short experience of your own with the present perfect tense.
My name is Jim. I live at 152-jianguo street, not far from center of the city, I have lived there since 1999. I go to no. 14 middle school. I’ve been a student there for nearly two and a half years.
8. Workbook
9. homework
(1) a dictation for all the words in the unit.
(2) A test for the unit.
Teaching aims and demands
1. 1. words
(1) give the new words English meanings:
pour: to make a liquid flow from or into
rubbish: things that you throw away because you do not want them
litter: pieces of paper and other waste that are left in public places
spit: to force out the liquid in your mouth
dustbin: a large container for rubbish kept outside your house
collect: to get things from different places and bring them together
recycle: to put used paper, glass, plastic, etc. through a process so that it can be used again
contribution: something that you do to help produce or develop something, or to help make something successful
(2) Find the new words in the passage:
As a middle school student, you should pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin, you should spend your part time collecting waste paper or bottles for recycling, you’d better plant trees or flowers in your schoolyard as many as possible. If you do those, it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment.
As a middle school student, you shouldn’t throw any litter onto the ground, you shouldn’t draw pictures on public walls, and you shouldn’t spit anywhere and cut down any trees. If you don’t do those, it means that you have already helped protect our environment.
2. expressions
(1) The factory was pouring wastewater into the river near it.
(2) Businessmen are afraid of newspapers and TV stations.
(3)How long have you been a member of Greener China?
(4) If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
(5) Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for recycling?
(6) Have you ever cut down trees?
3. grammar
The present perfect tense
for 12 weeks =since 12 weeks ago
Teaching steps
Lesson 9
“Greener China”
1. revision
(1) could you say something about the youngest swimmer to cross the Qiongzhou Channel on his birthday?
(2) Exercise:
Fill in the blanks:
Li lida, failed _____ ______ the Qiongzhou Channel in 2000, but his dream _____ _____ on May 17, 2001, his ______, he became the youngest person to swim _____ the channel _____ Hainan Island _____ the mainland. He _____ _____ the South China Sea _____ a beach _____ Guangdong ______ 6:02______ the morning. It took him 9 hours and 58 minutes ______ ______ his ______. His parents and his teacher were ______ ______ him on the beach in Haikou. They were all very ______ ______ him. He is ______ ______ the pride of their school, ______ ______ the pride of all the people in Hainan.
2. Read and say
(1) Look at the pictures in lesson 9
1. what can you see in picture 1?
2. and what is the factory doing now?
3. does pouring waste water into rivers harm the environment?
4. do you think we can do something about it?
Listen to the tape and tell me what things Victor and Hu lan are going to do about it.
(2) Let’s act it out
(3) Questions
1. what is “ greener china”?
2. is there a paper factory pouring waste water into the river near it in your hometown?
3. do you think the idea in the dialogue a good one?
4. do you like to do it as they will do to protect the environment?
(4) Let’s do the following exercises
1. A: I called you yesterday, but you weren’t in. where were you?
B: I have _____ _____ a paper factory.
2. . A: where is Ann?
B: she isn’t here. She ______ ______ ______ the library.
3. A: how long have you ______ ______ the factory?
B: ______ three years.
4. A: how long have you ______ ______ the farm?
B: ______ I became a farmer.
3. Presentation
Learn to use “for” and “since”.
4. Ask and answer
Change the phrases in part 2 lesson 9 into the following to make the dialogue more interesting.
(1) a member of Greener china / a member of the League
(2) how long have you / has your father been at this factory?
(3) How long have you / has Ronaldo been in the football team?
(4) How long have you / have 动力火车 been in the band?
(5) How long have you / has Mr. Lee been an English teacher?
5. Workbook
exercise 1: the answers to some of the questions may be:
(2) if the students use the sentence in the book: the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it. It’s not very fit. The right answer should be: the factory has poured waste water into the river near it.
(6) because good environment can be good for our health, and if the environment is very bad, it can harm the earth and the people living on it.
(7) the answer to this question may be:
1. don’t smoke
2. don’t pour waste water into the rivers or throw about waste paper and bottles everywhere
3. don’t spit in the public place or draw pictures on the public walls
4. don’t cut down the trees
6. Homework
(1) get ready to have a dictation of the new words in unit 3
(2) recite part one with your partner
(3) finish the work in workbook and the exercise book
Lesson 10
1. Revision
（1） To ask the class some relative questions:
How long have you studied in this school?
How long hove you learnt English?
How long have you been a league member?
How long has your father worked in his factory?
How long has your mother worked in the hospital?
How long has your sister studied in the college?
（2） To act the dialogue out in lesson 9.
2. Enter/ Pre-read
Talk about the following questions:
（1） What things can harm the environment?
（2） What do you think we should do to improve our environment?
3. read
（1） Questions
Listen to the tape carefully, and find out the answer to the questions:
What things can you do to deep the environment clean?
Don’t throw litter on the ground, don’t draw pictures on walls, don’t spit in a public place, and don’t cut down trees.
What things can you do to improve the environment?
Pick up rubbish and throw it into a dustbin, collect waste paper and bottles for recycling, plant trees and flowers.
（1）Explaining the new words:
Rubbish: things people don’t want to use again
Litter: things people throwing in the public place
Rubbish means trash in the USA.
Produce means making something
Recycle: collect waste things for reuse.
Neighborhood: a group of people lived together
（1） Listen and repeat and then do exercise 1 in the workbook.
（2） Talk about how to protect the environment with the last three questions in exercise 1
（3） Exercises:
A piece of beautiful music came to my ears.
I _______ a piece of nice music.
There was a truck _______ rubbish outside.(collect)
________ care of our environment is very important. (take)
What makes the man very sad? _______ his purse. (lose)
If everyone makes a contribution to ________ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. (protect)
4. Workbook
Exercise 4, write a report in the exercise book.
5. Homework
Recite the text.
Dictation for the new words in it.
Lesson 11
The more trees we plant, the better our hometown will be.
1. Revision
(1) Have a dictation for the new words in lesson 10 and 11.
(2) Ask some of the students to give a short talk about the environment.
(3) Do exercise 1 in lesson 10 to revise the story about the environment..
2. read and act
(1) Listen and answer: why has ling feng gone to plant trees again?
(2) Practice in pairs and then act it out in front of the class.
3. ask and answer
(1) act it out with some of the students and then ask others to act it out as we did.
4. guess the riddles
(1)Shoes
(2) The letter at the beginning of the word, or a hill is hard to go up and a pill is hard ot get down.
(3) Your name
5. Workbook
Finish all the exercises in it .
6. homework
do exercise 1 and 2 in the exercise book.
Lesson 12
Let’s do more, and say less!
1. Revision
(1) Interview some people with the present perfect tense such as:
How long have you learned English?
How long has you father been teacher in the school?
(2) Revise the forms of the verbs by doing the exercise 1 in lesson 11.
2. Listening
Read the words first and the listen to the tape, listen again after giving the class a few minutes to write down their answers.
Check the answer at once.
3. Ask and tick
Ask a friend or your partner these questions in the questionnaire. Then tick his /her answers.
4. Write
Write a short report about your friend based on the questionnaire.
5. Read and match
Work in pairs and find the right picture the sentence described.
6. Checkpoint 3
Go through it
Make sentence with the useful expressions
7. Test
Write a short experience of your own with the present perfect tense.
My name is Jim. I live at 152-jianguo street, not far from center of the city, I have lived there since 1999. I go to no. 14 middle school. I’ve been a student there for nearly two and a half years.
8. Workbook
9. homework
(1) a dictation for all the words in the unit.
(2) A test for the unit.
教学目标
教学目标与要点
1.能够运用过去时态来谈论过去的经历和运用现在完成时来谈论由过去开始，与现在相联系或有影响的经历。
2.学习和归纳有关环境和污染方面词汇，且能够正确运用它们来描述所见所闻。
3.进一步学习现在完成时态，特别是它的时间状语的表达法：for…或since…
4.归纳总结哪些动词是延续性动词，哪些是非延续性动词，以及它们之间的转换。特别是与一段时间连用时只能使用延续性动词。
5.培养自己的环境意识，养成良好的行为举止，能运用所学知识来报道周边的环境问题。
素质教育目标
1. 完成本单元语法现在完成时的学习，注意for与since的用法。
2. 熟练掌握本单元相关词组和短语的用法。
3. 引导学生了解优美的环境对人类健康的重要性，以养成宣传及保护我们生活、工作、学习环境的良好习惯。
4. 通过学习本单元，能使学生理解过去时与完成时，并能灵活运用相关知识。
5. 通过各种教学手段，如声音、图片、动画、电视、网络等，让学生在了解环境保护知识的基础上，提高表述、思考、总结相关此类知识的能力。
6. 引导学生尝试运用不同的学习工具、学习方法、媒体素材等进行学习和提高。
教学建议
关于教材内容的分析
本单元是围绕"Make our world more beautiful"这一主题，结合现在完成时态这一语法功能项目展开教学活动的。谈论了过去与现在的时间关系，着重讲述了现在完成时态的第二种用法，即从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，所使用的谓语动词一般都是延续性动词。本单元还讲述了延续性动词和非延续性动员与时间的搭配关系；for和since引导的时间状语和完成时态的连用。本单元还出现了有关事情发生的时间问题的对话和日常用语，讨论了有关环境卫生的问题，要求我们要规范自己的行为。
本单元短语与交际用语
1.短语和习惯用语
be afraid of make a contribution base on as soon as do well in
2. 日常交际用语
I've been to…
That's terrible.
Good idea.
How long has she/he worked there?
Don't you think so.
I've known Li Lei for three years.
I've lived here since 1995.
3.. 交际英语
对约会或预约的肯定回答：
Yes, what's it?
Yes, I'll be probably free them.
Any time on workday at my office is all right.
I don't have anything particular on Wednesday.
Let's make it 9:15/the day after tomorrow.
I'll be waiting for you here.
Let's meet in the park.
OK, that's settled then.
I'll meet you at the theatre at seven.
对约会或预约的否定答复：
No, I'm not free then, I am afraid.
I'm afraid I can't make it next Monday.
I don't think I can.
I'm afraid I'll be quite busy then.
There is nothing before Sunday, I am afraid.
I'm afraid I'll be filled up this week.
I'm afraid I can't meet you here.
I'm sorry, but. . . won't be so convenient for me.
本单元重点难点分析
1.have been (to) 与 have gone (to)
have been与have gone都表示现在完成时态，表明动作已经发生了，但它们之间的含义是有不同的。
1）"have been in + 地点名词"或者"have been + 表位置的副词"含义是"在某地呆得过多久"。例如：
Mr Zhang has been in this school for ten years.He knows everyone here.
张先生在这所学校呆了十年。
I have been here since I began to work.It's just like my home.
我工作以来一直呆在这里。
2）"have been to +地点名词"表示"曾经到某地去过（多少次）"。例如：
Miss Brown has been to China twice.That's why she speaks Japanese very well.
布朗小姐来过中国两次。
Have you ever been here before?
你以前到过这儿吗？
3）"have gone to +地点名词"或"have gone + 表位置的副词"其含义是"到某地去了"（人已不在此地），注意：这种结构不用于第一人称，也不用于第二人称，它仅用于第三人称。请看下面一段对话：
A: Where's Tom?
B: He's gone to the shop.
A: Has Mary gone there with him?
B: No, she hasn't.
A：汤姆在哪里？
B：他到商店去了。
A：玛丽跟他去了吗？
B：没有。
2. Businessmen are afraid of newspapers and TV stations. 生意人害怕报纸和电台。
be afraid of… 意思是"害怕……"。afraid是形容词，在句中只能作表语，后跟名词或动词的-ing形式（指自己不能决定而突然发生的事），与frightened的意思相同。be afraid后也可跟动词不定式表示"害怕做某事"即：be afraid to do sth.。另外，afraid后还可跟that引导的宾语从句，意思是"担心，恐怕"。例如：
（1）I am afraid of mice. 我害怕老鼠。
（2）Don't be afraid of making mistakes. 不要怕犯错误。
（3）I'm afraid to tell her the truth. 我不敢告诉她真相。
（4）I am afraid you are ill. 恐怕你是病了。
（5 ）I'm afraid (that) we may not catch the train. 我担心我们可能赶不上火车。
3. As soon as other people hear it, they go out with their rubbish and throw it in.
当人们一听到它，他们就出来把垃圾扔进去。
as soon as -……就……，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作紧跟从句的动作发生。必须注意 as soon as possible（one can），它表示"尽可能快地"。
【例】
（1）He'll write to me as soon as he gets to Beijing.
他一到北京就会给我写信。
（2）You should do your work as soon as possible.
你应尽快地做事。
4. … taking care of our environment is very important. 保护好我们的环境是非常重要的。
(1) take care of保护，照顾，保管。如：
Please take good care of your books. 请保管好你们的书。
Can you take care of my baby while I'm away? 我出去时你能为我照顾我的孩子吗？
(2) "Taking care of our environment" 在这里是动名词短语作主语。也可以说： It's very important to take care of our environment.
5.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 保持我们的环境干净整洁是我们的责任。
（1）it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是"to keep our environment clean and tidy"
又如：It's a pleasant way to help keep our city clean.
（2）keen后面可跟带现在分词的复合结构。如：
He kept me waiting for a long time yesterday.他昨天让我等了很长时间。
keep后面也可跟带形容词的复合结构。如：
You should take more exercise to keep you healthy.你应该多运动来保持健康。
6.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 如果每人都对保护环境做出贡献，那么世界将变得更加美丽。
make a contribution to…意思是"对……做贡献，捐赠"。to是介词后跟名词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
（l）Thomas made a great contribution to the world.托马斯·爱迪生对世界做出了很大的贡献。
（2）It is our duty to make a contribution to protecting the environment.为环境保护做贡献是我们的责任。
make是英语中非常活跃的动词之一，和不同的词搭配具有不同的含义。又如：
make a face做鬼脸 make a living谋生
make a mistake犯错误 make friends with交朋友
make fun of开玩笑 make one's way挤出一条路
make room for让座 make up one's mind下决心
My friend Emma made fun of my job once time. She said that my job is rather making a living than career manage. I made up my mind to run my company successfully, which could make her realize she had made such a mistake. Then I made my way in mass society. I made good as a manager. I stay here and make sure that I have made a go of the business. I make of what Emma have done for me, luckily, I made friend with her.
7. The more trees, the better的结构
这里是"the more，the more…"句型表述结构，它的意思是"越多越好；越……，越……"。例如：
Start your work, the sooner, the better.
开始工作吧，越快越好。
The more I think of it, the happier I am.
我越想越高兴：
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你越用功，进步就越大。
The longer we stayed there, the more we like the people there.
我们在那里呆得越久，越喜欢那里的人民。
注意：在"the more…，the more"这个句型中，"the"不能省略。
8.… need to do better in protecting the environment. 需要在保护环境方面做得更好。
do well in在某方面干得好。do better in在某方面干得更好。
在in后面加名词或动名词。例：
He does well in playing football.他足球踢得很好。
9.延续性动词与非延续性动词
(1) 延续性动词
表示动作能够持续发生一段时间的动词。如：
be, have, know, work, live, study, teach, speak, talk, draw, wait, wear, walk, sleep等。
Miss Gao has been here since 7:00.
高小姐七点起就到这儿了。（此句中不能用arrived或come）
I have had the bike for five years.
这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。（不能用bought）
(2) 非延续性动词
表示一个动作刚刚发生即告结束。如：
come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, fall, join, die, get up等。它们可以用于完成时态的第一种，说明某个动作的结果还存在。但它们不可以用于完成时态的第二种。
Grandpa Wang has died. 王大爷已经去世了。
The film has begun.电影已经开映。（现正放映）
这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：要表达"王大爷已经去世两年了"应这样写：Grandpa Wang has been dead for two years. 而不能写成：
Grandpa Wang has died for two years.
注：在for+时间段或 since+时间点的词组或句子上进行画线部分提问要用how long。同时用how long开始的句子中的谓语要用延续性的动词（时态不限）。
关于现在完成时的讲解
1.表示过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
现在完成时的常用副词是never"从来没，不"，ever"曾经"，just"刚刚"，already"已经"，yet"已经，仍然"。其中already通常用有肯定句中，yet通常用在否定句和疑问句中。yet在否定句中要译成"仍然"，"还"，在疑问句里要译成"已经"。
（1）常already, just和yet等连用，如：
一Have you finished your work yet? 你做完你的工作了吗?
一Yes. I have. I've just finished it. 我做完了，我刚做完。
I've already finished it. 我已经完成了。
I haven't finished it yet.我还没做完。
（2）也可与ever, never连用
-Have you ever been to the park? 你曾去过那个公园吗?
-Yes, I have. / No, I haven't, I have never been to the park.
是的，我去过。/不，我没去过，我从未去过那个公园。
2.现在完成时与动词的延续性
（1）for 和since时间状语与现在完成时连用，表示从过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在的情况，因此谓语部分不能用非延续性动词，常见的非延续性动词有：
close, leave, see, come, hear, buy, borrow, begin(start), join, die, finish等。
（2）在否定句中非延续性动词可以与for或since引导的表示段时间的状语连用，如：I haven't seen him for a long time.（此句是否定句，非延续性动词see与for a long time连用）
3.注意现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
A.一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没有什么联系。现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，结果。例如：
He cleaned the room an hour ago. 他一小时前打扫了房间。
He has cleaned the room. You see, it's very clean now.
他打扫了房间。你瞧，现在挺干净的。
B.当句子有表示过去具体时间的状语时，通常用一般过去时。现在完成时不能与确定的过去时间状语连用。例如：
We learned Lesson 4 last week. 我们上星期学了第4课。
不能用We have learned lesson 4 last week.
关于训练听说读写能力的教学建议
一、听力训练
除了课堂的听力训练以外，可以提供给学生一些关于现在完成时的听力练习，完成一些替换练习、完成句子、回答问题等。在复习了前三单元内容的同时，还能达到了能让学生听懂相关语法的语句，并灵活运用现在完成时和一般过去时来回答问题。所涉及的范围可以包括以时间点为线索的描述过去经历、简历求职、假期生活等。 二、口语训练
1. 看图说话
向学生展示两幅关于环境的图片，其中，一幅是未受污染的环境，一幅是受污染的环境。让学生观察并对比它们，看看哪一幅beautiful，哪一幅是已受污染的环境。然后完成对Bad Environment和Good Environment的描述，以及人们曾对这种环境做过什么。
可提供下列词汇与词组：
pour, waste, dirty, clean, terrible, do no harm, write a book on the environment, pick up rubbish, collect rubbish, keep/make the place clean/dirty，damaged badly, in public place, it seems like, it is our duty to, plant tree, improve, recycle, make a contribution to，etc.
2. 简述自己和他人的经历
分两步进行练习：
1) 让学生们完成自己的简历，写清楚时间、地点、当时所做的事情或身份。
2) 将学生分成两组，A组和B组。两组成员数量相同，并分别在对方组互相指定一名交谈者。分别让A组的成员向B组相对应的成员叙述自己的经历，同时B组相应同学做好记录，然后，B组同学复述A组同学的经历。再分别交换角色，由B组叙述，A组复述。
注意提醒同学，一般过去时和现在完成时的使用应准确，叙述他人的经历时，应注意他/她本人叙述时的用词和所用时态。
三、阅读训练
在学习第10课的课文时，注意三种表述的不同用词和语态：表述过去的事情、表述现在已完成或已产生的影响、下结论或展示希望。可让学生阅读后进行分析和归纳整理，将三种表述的用法和语言环境分别选出，形象地理解什么时候使用哪种时态是正确的。有代表性的句子有：
One day I was visiting … My friend said …
It is our duty … You might ask …
Have you ever thrown … Have I ever picked up
还可将本课有用的短语和词组挑出来，进行造句练习：
a piece of beautiful music
pick up
collect rubbish
keep our city clean
take care of
throw onto
spit in a public place
cut down
protect our environment
make a contribution to
四、写作训练
1. 环境保护是个世界性的话题，它需要每个人来进行努力。除了对一些生态环境进行保护以外，还要保护我们身边的环境。根据教材第10课的内容，将课文改写成Protect our environment的百字短文。建议大家如何来保护我们的生活、工作或社会环境。除了课文所涉及的内容，可以加入自己的想法和建议。
2. 组织学生完成一份关于自己身边环境的英文调查报告。提醒学生先准备好所要调查的项目，以及各项所需要的指标、数字、表格等。主题可包括水、空气、土地、河流、资源、城市等。字数在80-100单词。
可提供下列词汇与短语：
waste water, clear air, earth, city, river, dirty, rubbish, spit, throw, collect, pick up, draw, damaged badly, in public place, it seems like, it is our duty to, plant tree, improve, recycle, make a contribution to, make/keep it clean, hope, wish, etc.
在总结时，建议根据不同的话题，将学生分成若干组，分别选出代表进行报告表演。鼓励每个学生都积极参与，营造热烈的报告气氛，让学生尽量用英文进行报告。在完成此报告时，学生们应掌握了关于环境保护的相关知识，意识到保护环境的重要性，并主动去宣传相关知识。
3. 向学生展示三个场景的图片或动画：
1） 学生在学校内随便乱扔东西，使校园看起来很脏；
2） 学生们在校园内很卖力地打扫卫生；
3） 整个校园变得干净整洁。
根据这三个场景完成作文《校园的变化》。
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