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初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料6

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初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料6

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初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料6

【第18讲    被动语态复习 abc】
a.熟记结构

被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:

一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.

一般过去时:was/were+p.p.

一般将来时:shall /will be +p.p.

现在完成时:have /has been +p.p.

现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.

过去将来时:should /would be +p.p.

含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:

① chinese ______ by the largest number of people.

a.speak

b.is speaking

c.speaks

d.is spoken

(选d。考查一般现在时的被动语态)

② the boy ______ to get supper ready after school.

a.were told

b.is telling

c.was told

d.tells

(选c。考查一般过去时的被动语态)

③ a lot of new roads ______ built in the west of china.

a.must

b.must be

c.has

d.have

(选b。考查含情态动词的被动语态)

b.明确用法

被动语态常用于以下两种情况:

1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;

2.强调动作的承受者。例如:

这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。

the tree ______ ______ by that boy.

(填was broken)

c.熟练转换

1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。

2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:

① you must throw the broken pottery away at once.

the broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)

(填m ust be thrown away)

② where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)

where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)

d.注意特例

将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:

1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:

①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;

②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:

① he told us a story.(变被动语态)

→we were told a story(by him).或:a story was told to us by him.

② her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)

a new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.

(填was given to)

2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:

① this dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.

a.take away

b.taken away

c.are taken away

d.be taken away

[d]

② she will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)

the children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).

(填be taken good care of)

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初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料6

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