Unit 2 Getting Along
unit 2 getting along
一. 本周教学内容：
unit 2 getting along. lesson 1
二. 重点、难点：
单词：
语音：
语法：直接引语与间接引语的转换：
一、如何变人称：
学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
she said. “my brother wants to go with me.” →she said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
he said to kate. “how is your sister now?”→ he asked kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
mr. smith said。 “jack is a good worker。”→ mr. smith said jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)she said. “i have lost a pen.”→ she said she had lost a pen
2)she said. “we hope so.”→ she said they hoped so.
3) she said. “he will go to see his friend。”→she said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
“the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.
→the teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
jack said. “john, where were you going when i met you in the street?”
→jack asked john where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
xiao wang said. “i was born on april 2l, 1980.”
→xiao wang said he was born on april 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
he said, “i get up at six every morning。” →he said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
peter said. “you had better come here today.” →peter said i had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）,如：
