细节理解题的解题步骤和方法
3.排除法
排除法是解答阅读理解题的另一个重要的方法。因为有的时候如果是给填空题让我们做，我们也许不能填出正确答案，但是如果给出四个选项让我们选的话，我们可以通过对比排除错误选项。那么怎样通过排除法做题呢？
（1）正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
【江苏】68. according to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .
a. technical issues b. safety of the system
c. financial problems d. maintenance of railway tracks
我们在原文中发现了定位词greatest challenge 的转化形式 key issue。 原文是这样的but the key issue is money. 我们知道遇到转折连词时我们重点要看的是转折连词的后半部分，本题的正确答案实际上是money 的转换形式。所以我们可以选择本题的正确答案c。
光了解了正确选项特点还不够，我们更需要知道错误选项为什么是错误的，这样才能够洞察出题者的出题意图，规避有意给我们设置的陷阱。那么干扰项究竟有哪些特点呢？
（2）错误选项的特征
a.张冠李戴：把a事物的特点说成是b事物的，企图混淆视听。
【江苏】a篇
other early surnames came• from people’s occupations. the most common occupational name is smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. in the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. some other occupational names are: carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; potter —a person who made pots and pans.
57. according to the passage, the ancestors of the potter family most probably _______.
a. owned or drove a cart b. made things with metals
c. made kitchen tools or contains d. built houses and furniture
b选项是指smith 这个姓氏而不是potter，根据定位词所指示的句子，我们发现potter 是指生产壶和罐等厨房用具的职业，所以选择c选项。虽然这些器具都是金属的，但是以生产金属制品为特点更确切的是smith。
b.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。
c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。
【全国卷ii】b篇
when you’re lying on the white sands of the mexican riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. hey, stop! this is no vacation-you have to finish something!
here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic(评论家),edie jarolim “i always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that i could make money doing both of those things,” jarolim said. now you can read her travel advice everywhere in arts and antiques, in brides, or in one of her there books, the complete idiot’s travel guide to mexican beach resorts.
