高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit19-20
12. spare
1) adj. 备用的，多余的，剩余的 a spare tire 备用轮胎 / spare cash 余款 if you have a spare bed, may i stay tonight? / have you any spare time to help me?
2) n. 节约，抽出 spare no effort / pain 不遗余力 / spare no expense 不惜工本 / please spare me your opinions, just tell me the facts. / can you spare this time to help me? / can you spare me this book for a while?
▲ 搭配：
① in one's spare time 在空余时间；在业余时间 ② spare no pains / efforts to do sth 不遗余力地去做某事 ③ spare one's energy 节省精力
【考例3】(湖北)they started off late and got to the airport with minutes to ____.
a. spare b. catch c. leave d. make
[考查目标]考查几个与时间名词搭配的动词含义。
[答案与解析]a 题意为“他们出发晚了，只剩下几分钟的时间赶往机场”。to spare = be able to afford to give (time, money, etc.) 意为“多余。余富”。
【考点5】turn 的用法
▲ 构词：turning n. [c]拐弯处，拐角处
▲搭配：
① turn around / round 转过身；转过来
② turn away 把……打发走；解雇；拒绝；把脸扭开
③ turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
④ turn green 变绿
⑤ turn in 上缴；移交给警察
⑥ turn off 关掉(自来水、电灯、收音机等)；切断
⑦ turn on 开；旋开(电灯、无线电等)
⑧ turn over 翻到；翻身；翻(书页)；翻动；翻耕(土地)；把…翻一翻；移交(工作)；转让(公司)
⑨ turn to 翻到；转向；求救于；求助于
⑩ turn up 调大；出现；到达；找到；转弯；转向
⑪ turn...into... 把……变成……
⑫ wait one's turn 等着轮到某人
⑬ by turns 轮流地.依次
⑭ turn out 结果证明是；生产
⑮ turn into 进入
⑯ in turn 依次；反过来(表示对比)
▲句型：
① turn + n. = become a / an / the + n. 变成
② turn + adj. (green / yellow / deaf) 变得 it's one's turn to do sth = now comes one's turn to do sth 轮到某人干某事了；该某人干某事
一般疑问句：is it one's turn to do sth?
特殊疑问句：whose turn is it to do sth?
take turns (at) doing sth / to do sth = take one's turn to do sth = do sth by turns = do sth in turn 轮流千某事
“(结果)证明”可表达为：...turn out (to be) + 名词或形容词；it turns / turned out that + 句子。例如：the meeting turned out to be a great success. 结果会议开得很成功。= it turned out that the meeting was a great success.
▲ 辨析：①become; get; go; grow; turn
该组词作系动词用时， 均表示变化，但
become意为“变成，成为， 转为”，多用于书面语，多指有一种状态向另一种状态的变化，所表示的变化过程往往已经完成，其后可接形容词、名词等作表语。
get意为“变成，……起来”，多用于口语，多指由一种状态变成另一种状态，表示短时间的状态变化，其后接形容词、不定式或现在分词等作表语。
go常指由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。如：go bad / blind / mad / crazy / wrong / red变坏 /变瞎 / 变疯 / 出毛病 / (气得脸)变红；表示短时间的状态变化，其后接形容词等作表语。
