Unit1 Eating Around the World-grammar学案
unit1 eating around the world-grammar学案
一.快捷识记
现在分词作状语时，常可以表达伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步情况，如：
1.表伴随:伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的.
"can't you read?" mary said angrily， pointing to the notice.
the children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
they stood there for an hour, watching the game.
she sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
following the guide, they started to climb.
2.表原因
having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
having read the letter, she got very excited.（完成式）
seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
注：
having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
（分词完成式的肯定式）
not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
（分词完成式的否定式）
3.表结果
his parents were killed in the accident, leaving him an orphan.
the bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
注： 现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.
he was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. (表示在意料之中)
i hurried to school, only to find that it was sunday. (表示在意料之外)
4.表时间
when crossing the road, please be careful.
don’t mention this while talking to him.
on arriving in london, he managed to get in touch with her. =as soon as he arrived in london, ….
5.表条件
working hard, you’ll get a good achievement.
turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site.
6.表让步
working so hard, he failed again.
使用时注意：
1） 分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作；
2） 分词表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的；
3） 分词表示的是次要的动作，对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态加以补充说明；
4） 表示时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。
二 .随堂练习
( )1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90’全国)
a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given.
( )2. the computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school(93’全国)
a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened
