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Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.

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Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.

一.学习目标(language goal)

1.learn to narrate past events.学会描述过去所发生的事情。

2.learn to express something with past perfect tense. 学习使用过去完成时态。

3.strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly.做事加强连续性,有条不紊。

二.语言结构(language structures)

1.past perfect tense 过去完成时

2.“by the time”和“when”引导的时间状语从句

三.目标语言(target language)

1.by the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.

2.by the time she went outside, the bus had already gone

3.by the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching.

4.when she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home

5.have you ever overslept?

6.have you ever been late for school?

四.重点词组(key phrases)

1.by the time 到…时候为止

2.get outside 到外边

3.get to school 到学校

4.get up 起床

5.get into the shower 去洗澡

6.get home 到家

7.start doing / to do sth 开始做某事

8.be late for 迟到

9.go off (闹钟)闹响

10.wake up 醒来

11.come out 出来,出现

12.run off 迅速离开,跑掉

13.on time 准时

14.in time 及时

15.come by (走)过来

16.give sb a ride 让某人搭车

17.break down 损坏,坏掉

18.show up 出席,露面

19.stay up 熬夜

20.a costume party 一个化装舞会

21.sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上

22.so …that … 如此…以至于

23.set off 出发,开始

24.april fool's day 愚人节

25.get married 结婚

26.marry sb 与某人结婚

27.both …and … 二者…都…

28.get dressed 穿好衣服

29.on the first day 在第一天

五.语法重点(grammar focus)

1.past perfect tense 过去完成时

构成:had+过去分词(had没有人称和数的变化)

过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。

eg.i had finished my homework before supper.

    我在晚饭前把作业做完了。

句中的supper既是过去某一时间,而had finished 这一动作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只说i had finished my homework.听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见,过去完成时是个相对的时态,它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。

eg.by the end of that year henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps.

    到那年年底,亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。(过去时间是the end of that year)

eg.when we got there, the football match had already started.

    当我们到那里时,足球比赛已经开始了。(过去时间是when从句)

动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似,一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed,特殊动词须特殊记忆,如:have—had—had,get—got—gotten,begin—began—begun,leave—left—left,go—went—gone等。例如:

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Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.

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