Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”(Period 1 Warming up and Reading 1)
period 4 grammar pionts
同位语从句讲义及练习
一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether,what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例:the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析:they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用)
例:the general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加\"是否\"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)
例:we\'ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整,应加\"是否\"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加\"什么时候\"、\"什么地点\"、\"什么方式\"等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。
例1:i have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意义不完整,应加\"什么时候\"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:i have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析:he went home意义不完整,应加\"如何\"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后肢。
如:the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。