无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家都尝试过写作吧，借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。
【—之分词作定语】，在前面和同学们说了很多分词作补语，作表语等等的内容，今天要和大家说说呢分词作定语。
分词前置
we can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
there was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
this is the question given. 这是所给的问题
there is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.
1) the first textbook ___ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
a. have written b. to be written c. being written d. written
答案d. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被 动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2）what's the language ____ in germany?
a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak
答案b. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
what's the language (which is) spoken in german?
分词作定语可是很常见的哦，想知道更多分词作定语尽在。
【—初三坚持你的梦想提升训练及范文】同学们，几年以前我家只有一间小屋。三个人住一间屋真是艰难，大家来练习一下这个作文吧，下面老师整理了坚持你的梦想范文。详情请看
几年以前我家只有一间小屋。三个人住一间屋真是艰难。现在我们已经搬进了一套两室一厅 的单元房。我非常高兴。当我父母做. . . , 我能. . . 。我爱我的家。
1. a few years ago, family, have one small room
2. it, be, three people, in the same room
3. now, a new flat(单元房), one living room, two bedrooms
4. be happy, my homework, quietly, my own room, my parents
a few years ago, my family had only one small room. it was very hard for three people to live in the same room. now we have moved into a new flat with one living room and two bedrooms. i''m very happy. i can do my homework quietly in my own room when my parents do the housework or other things. i love my home.
【—初三英语完形填空提升训练及答案七】同学们，下面老师就为大家整理了一些完形填空提升训练及答案，大家加强练习哦，希望这些题目可以帮助大家。详情请看
完形填空提升训练
farley worked for the canadian government. one day， he was __1__ to learn more about wolves. do wolves kill lots of caribou(北美驯鹿)? do they kill people?
they gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. then they put him on a plane and took him to __2__. the plane put him down and went away. there were no houses or people in this place. but there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.
people tell terrible stories about wolves. they say wolves like to kill and eat people. farley remembered these stories， and he was __3__. he had his gun with him__4_.
then one day， he saw a group of wolves. there was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. a father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.
farley watched these 初中政治 wolves every day. the mother was a very __5__ mother. she gave milk to her babies. she gave them lessons about life. they learned how to __6__ food. the father wolf got food for the mother. the young wolf __7__ the children. they were a nice， happy family-wolf family! farley did not need his __8__ any more. in a short time， he got on well with the family. farley watched them for five months. he learned that many stories about the wolves were __9__. wolves do not eat people， and they do not eat many large animals. and he also learned bad things about men. it was men who killed many caribou and wolves.
later， farley wrote a book about wolves. he wanted people to __10__ them and not to kill them.
1. a. seenb. toldc. heardd. found
2. a. a small townb. a big cityc. a far placed. a lonely village
3. a. afraid b. happyc. angryd. tired
4. a. at times b. all the timec. once a week d. every afternoon
5. a. bad b. good c. hungry d. thirsty
6. a. cook b. make c. getd. pick
7. a. shouted atb. looked intoc. laughed at d. played with
8. a. food b. clothes c. gun d. plane
9. a. not good b. not true c. not easy d. not clear
【—之上课识记】对于上课的学习，同学们要学会专心上课，有心识记。
上课识记
上课是学生学习的主渠道，而学好英语的关键是尽一切努力将所学的东西记住，需要时能运用自如。因此，上课时应高度集中注意力．尽量做到五到，即心到、眼到、耳到、口到、手到。应培养瞬间记忆能力，强化“有意注意&rdquo 初中化学;，争取就在课内有目标、有意识地去识记该课的生词、短语、句型、重点句子。当接触到该记忆的内容时，应通过眼看、耳听、口念，将其迅速输入到记忆中枢，然后再复现出它的形象。在复现时快速用手指在桌上划出这个单词，或一个长句中最难记的或最重要的单饲，强迫自己在课内就能记住这节课最重要的东西。这样，使自己真正有着“这节课确实学到不少东西”的踏实感、成功感，进而激发动机，提高兴越，更有信心地去继续今后的学习。
通过上面对上课识记的英语学习方法的讲解，希望同学们能够很好的学习英语，相信在考试中一定会取得好成绩的.。
【—之分词作状语】，状语相信同学们都不陌生的，大家知道分词怎么做状语吗，赶紧来看看吧。
as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
- not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
- given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.
a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed
答案b. napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed
答案b. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat
答案c. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句 when it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
using the book, i find it useful.
在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语相信同学们有了一定的了解了，想知道更多分词作状语的语法尽在。
【—之现在进行时】现在进行时，从字面上理解，就是“现在正在进行、发生的动作”，表示动作发生的时间是“现在”。下面就是老师为同学们带来的对现在进行时的详细讲解，供同学们学习的参考。
总结
现在进行时，从字面上理解，就是“现在正在进行、发生的动作”，表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”，是指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的，什么时候会停下来，不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件，可能发生几年了，也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。
现在进行时由"be+现在分词（v-ing）"构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉哟!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：i am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are. 。现在分词变化规则如下：
1.动词后直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting)
3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例： sitting
sitting, beginning,getting,putting，running，stopping，cutting ）
4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying
句式构成如下：
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句：be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ ，，
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？
a表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例：we are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 例：mr. green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 例：she is learning piano under mr. smith.
c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
i'm leaving for a trek in nepal next week.（已经安排了） we're flying to paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）
初一英语完形填空精选练习题五
【—初一英语完形填空精选练习题五】同学们，在做完型填空的时候，有时候上下文会有提醒的，多做些题目就能找到里面的小技巧。下面老师就为大家总结一些初一英语完形填空精选练习题。详情请看
完形填空精选练习题五
i'm not happy. i have too __1_ rules in my family. i have to __2___ at 6:00 every morning. i can't __3__ my friends after school __4__i have to __5__my dog for a walk. i can't watch tv on school nights. and i have to __6_ in bed by ten o'clock. _7__ weekends, i have to clean my room and wash my clothes. then i have to help my mother __8__ dinner. later i have to go to the children's palace __9__ the piano. i never have any fun. __10__ can i do?
( )1. a. many b. much c. a few
( )2. a. go to bed b. get up home
( )3. a. watch b. look c. meet
( )4. a. so b. then c. because
( )5. a. bring b. take c. carry
( )6. a. be b. is c. am
( )7. a. in b. on c. at
( )8. a. make b. making c. do
( )9. a. learn b. to learn c. learning
( )10. a. why b. what c. how
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定语从句中which的具体用法
which在定语从句中的作用是什么呢?下面定语从句中which的具体用法是小编想跟大家分享的，欢迎大家浏览。
(非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要用逗号隔开。翻译成人类的`语言就是：有逗号的句子…)
例句：beijing, which is the capital of china, is a very beautiful city.
而不用that 。 关系代词前面有介词的时候 (也就是说，有介词就不能用that) 例句：this is the hotel in which you will stay.
关系代词(基本上除了when, where, why, how以外都叫关系代词……)whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间;当先行词指人时,介词后的关系代词用whom, 其余用which,这时的关系代词不能省略。含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
例句：his is the book (which / that) i'm looking for. 这就是我在找的那本书。
在这类定语从句中,介词的选择一般根据动词的需要。
例如 this is the house in which my family lived during the war.
这个句子中从句"which my family lived"中的动词是live,你不能说live
house吧,只能说live in house,这里live和in搭配所以which前就要家in.
例句：this is the girl which i like.这句就不缺介词,你可以把句子反过来看看通不通顺.反过来就是i like this girl.这个句子是对的,不缺成分,那么它也就不用加介词.
this is the question about which i always think.这句就是think about 这个词组的搭配了.
一般考试会出现的就是live in, think about, hold on 之类的了.
只要你多练习把句子反过来就能够掌握了~
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定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：
(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl ( )
jim’s father ( )
three boys ( )
a shoe factory ( )
our teacher ( ) the man in the car ( )
the man who is talking with sam ( )
分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 you needn’t talk to the people who you don’t like talking to. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
分析：关系词_____ 在从句中作________。 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 你正在等的教授已经来了。 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
分析：关系词____在从句中作________ 译成汉语：_________________________________ 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。
分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。 we live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_________________________
the man standing at the door ( )
1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句
一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后;引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词： the man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. 定语从句的主要特征：
(1)先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分; (2)what永远不能引导定语从句;
(3)翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”
定语从句
的引导词
关系代词
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
=will soon be repaired.
自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词= ___________________________
指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
where (地点状语)
关系副词
when (时间状语)why (原因状语)
the factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。 he likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉语:____________________ 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
the house which is by the lake looks nice. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 译成汉语：___________________________ 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom;指物时，相
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。
分析：关系词who 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。
当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：关系词________ 在从句中作________。
分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。 you introduced to me is very kind. comes after spring is summer. (二) 关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at which代替。
分析：关系词________ 在从句中作________。
i visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 is this the place where they fought against the enemy? 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。 注意：当先行词是situation, occasion, point, case时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed he has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.
3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用for which来代替。
please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。 the reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 译成汉语：____________________
i still remember the day when i first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学 i don ’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 译成汉语：____________________ 校的那一天。
分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
the time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
october 1, 1949 was the day when the people’s republic of china was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： i will never forget the moment when (=______________) the blind students moved us. great changes are taking place in the city where (=______________) they live. the reason why (=______________) he refused the invitation is quite clear.
限制性定语从句restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________
___________________________________________
分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 把这个句子改
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
成两个简单句：___________________________________________
___________________________________________
分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。
2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。 shanghai is the city where i was born.
把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________
___________________________________________
分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
has come again.把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________
___________________________________________
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例：
the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on. 译成汉语：____________________
china is a country which has a long history. 译成汉语：____________________ in the street i saw a man who was from africa. 译成汉语：____________________ 非限制性定语从句举例 ：
his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 译成汉语：____________________ china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 译成汉语：____________________
last summer i visited the people’s great hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 译成汉语：____________________
注意：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。 xiao li came to see me off, which was very kind of her. he didn’t pass the exam, which surprised us.
思考：什么时候只能which 而不能用that呢?1.在___________中;2.在____________之后。
(二)关系代词的省略：
the factory we visited yesterday was really old. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) the man you just talked to was my english teacher. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) 当关系代词在从句中作_________时可以省略。 (三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 =the school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 =this is the boy________________i played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 we’=we’ll go to hear the famous singer ________________we have often talked. the manager whose =the manager ________________ i work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意：1. 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。
(正) this is the watch for which i am looking . (误)
(正) the babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
(正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
the man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
the plane in that we flew to canada was really comfortable. (误)
3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
(一)定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。(指人时可以用who/whom) 1. 当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：
2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some, much等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
3. 当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。如：
4. 当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如： 5. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
in the basket there are quite many apples, have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
there are forty students in our class in all, are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。
up to now, he has written ten stories, are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。
(四)当先行词被one of修饰时，若one of前有the only，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有only的话则用复数。
he is one of the students who ________ never late. 译成汉语：________________________ he is the only one of the students who ________ never late. 译成汉语：_________________ (五)先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用where引导，先行词是原因却不用why引导。
i will never forget the days ________ we climbed the mountain together. i will never forget the days ________ we spent together. we visited the house _______ lu xun used to live. we visited the house _______ lu xun used to live in. this is the reason _______ he was unhappy. this is the reason _______ he explained to me.
(六)当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：
i’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 he is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
this is the same dictionary as i lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
she wore the same dress ’s wedding. she wore the same dress her younger sister wore.
(七)以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如： the way ________he answered the questions was surprising. i don’t like the way______________ you laugh at her. test yourself:
1. dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, made the others unhappy.
2. after living in paris for fifty years he returned to the small town 3. the gentleman 4. please take any seat 5. the old man has two sons, (其中一个是士兵)
6. new york is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)，(最高的一座) 7. he has written a book______ name i have forgotten. 8. this is the place ______i spent my childhood.
9. the boy 10. the weather turned out to be very good, 11. mr. wang is a boss, 12. i don't like the way 13. i shall never forget the years my life.
14. ’s time. 15. yesterday we had a meeting ____ we discussed many problems. 16. such a book 17. the speaker spoke of some writers and some books 18. this is the store 19. i’m going to spend my holiday in beijing, 20. _______ we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
21. nick’s guests, _______ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.
22. the book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected. 23. happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 24. when i arrived, bryan took me to see the house ______ i would be staying.
museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
26. nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.
27. many countries are now setting up national parks _______ animals and plants can be protected. 28. through the course of my schooling, i met many teachers, two of _______ influenced me greatly. 29. the children, all of _______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
30. he may win the competition, in _______ case he is likely to get into the national team. 31. finally he reached a lonely island ______was completely cut off from the outside world.
32. mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012, ______made one of the chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
33. there is no simple answer, ______ often the case in science.
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刘艳
一、汉语句子成分分析的一些基本概念
句子成分分析即从句法结构的关系意义出发，对句子的成分功能或作用进行分析。一般情况下，主语在前，谓语在后。定语是限定或者修饰名词或代词用的。
助词“地”：助词“地”是状语的标志。状语后面加不加“地”的情况很复杂。单音节副词做状语，一定不加，有些双音节副词加不加“地”均可。形容词里，单音节形容词做状语比较少，大都也不能加“地”，例如“快跑、苦练、大干”。多音节形容词有相当一部分加不加都可以。由于补语与定语从句的关联不大，在这也就不加分析。
二、英语的定语从句
英语中定语从句是指在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词在从句中充当对应的句子成分，先行词与关系词在复合句中的地位同等。
（一）定语从句中使用什么关系代词，通常取决于先行词和关系代词在从句中所充当的句子成分
1．关系词在句中充当主语(subject)。例如：the trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.句中the trees是先行词，which是关系代词, the trees have lost their leaves为复合句的主句。定语从句则为 are on the school campus根据句子成分定义，主语是句子陈述的对象,是一个句子的主体,括号里对应的汉语翻译（在校园里）从汉语角度看来，是一个不完整的句子，它缺少主语。显然，which在这个汉语句子中的成分应该为主语。
2．关系词在从句中作宾语（object）。this is the pen that i left on the desk. this is the pen 是一个完整的句子。从句为 i left on the desk，显然不是完整的句子。left（放）缺乏一个对象，句子应该是i left --- on the desk，而空格部分插入the pen就很完整。
the pen即是句中的宾语，又因为先行词和关系词地位同等，所以that在从句中作宾语。
3．关系词在从句中作定语（attribute）。she has a brother whose name i cant remember. 同以上几种情形一样，she has a brother是完整的句子。从句应该为i cant remember --- name。句中name（名字）作为整个句子的名词，概念过于笼统需要加以修饰才能使其意义明确，汉语中定语一般指修饰语，多置于名词和代词之前，起修饰作用。由此可以肯定从句中缺少的是定语。所以 部分应该为a brothers，修饰和限定后面名词的范围。其相当于从句中使用的关系代词whose。
（二）定语从句中使用关系副词的情形由其在句中成分决定。关系副词一般在句中充当状语，且多为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，分别由when、where、why引导
i will never forget the day when i came here. this is the village where i was born. the reason why she did that is quite clear.
以上三例关系副词作状语，分别解释了：我来这具体的时间，我出生的地点以及她为什么那样做。
论文分析了汉语句子成分，发现英语定语从句中能与其对应的成分，从而选择合适的关系词。当然，英语中关于定语从句中关系词的选择和运用也有特例，论文探讨的方法不一定完全对应。如何使本文涉及的内容更加完善，这方面值得我们进一步探讨。
相关热词搜索：系词汉语从句ok3w_ads("s006");ok3w_ads("s007");
定语从句中考精讲
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句加定语从句。以下是小编整理分享的定语从句中考精讲，欢迎阅读。
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
3、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。
(1)先找从句，看关系词在从句中所充当的'成分。
(2)看先行词指的是什么。
在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被：，形容词最高级，序数词，the same, the very , the only, the last 等修饰时
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
whose作关系词既指人的又指物的，在从句中作定语。如：
do you know whose story is very moving ?
there is a room whose window faces the river.
it the very house __that/_ you lived in ten years ago?
woman ___who ./ that __ sits next to the door is my mother.
3.i’ll never forget the guy_____who / that __ saved the boy.
is the house ___that . which __ i was born in .
house _whose_____ roof is broken has been repaired.
()1. the money will be used to help the people____1ost their homes in the tsunami(海啸).
a. who b. whose c. which d. where
() is the best film ____has been shown this year.
a. who b. that c. which d. when
()y, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
a. which b. what c. that d. in where
(). li told us the stones and writers ___ interested him
a. what b. who c. that d. which
()5.i’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we spent together.
a. when b. in which c. which d. how
()6—does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
—yes, he does.
a. which b. whose c. where d. who
() letter _____ i received yesterday is very important.
a. who b. where c. what d. that
()8.i hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
a. who b. which c. they d. where
() is the place _____i have ever visited.
a. there b. when c. where d. which
() knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
a. that b. which c. why d. when
() moon is a world ___there is no life.
a. that b. which c. where d. why
() has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.
a. when b. where c. that d. which
() still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
a. when b. where c. that d. on which
()1. white, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
a. who b. that c. whose d. which
() got to the village _______ his family once lived
a. that b. which c. when d. where
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4.中考定语从句
5.中考定语从句真题
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when/where/why引导的定语从句
when， where， why属于关系副词， 都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语， 其具体用法如下：
例如： i still remember the day when i first met jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。// next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临， 届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
例如： this is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。// she is going to live in macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居， 在那里她有几个密友。
例如： i don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。// that is the reason why i don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。// he didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联， 两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点：
1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词＋which/whom”来代替， 其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定， 例如：
the day when i met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
the day on which i met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
i shall never forget those years when i lived with her.
i shall never forget those years during which i lived with her.
我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。
this is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
this is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.
这是礼堂， 医学会议将在此召开。
2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句， 若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、 宾语等而不是状语时， 需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如： do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？
先行词the days表时间， 但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语， 因此不能用when而应该用which或that。
3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when， where， why， 且that常可以省略， 例如： this is the time （when/that） he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
［考题1］ we are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. （2003北京春）
a. which b. that c. whose d. when
［答案］ d
［解析］ 本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age， 其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语， 因此只能填入关系副词when。
［考题2］ the film brought the hours back to me ____ i was taken good care of in that far*9鄄away village. （2001）
a. until b. that c. when d. where
［答案］ c
［解析］ 本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours， 其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语， 因此只能填入关系副词when。
［考题3］ it was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the world cup. （2000北京、 安徽春）
a. that b. while c. which d. when
［答案］ d
［解析］ 本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment， 其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语， 因此只能填入关系副词when。
［考题4］ after living in paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. （1996）
a. which b. where c. that d. when
［答案］ b
［解析］ 本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town， 其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语， 因此只能填入关系副词where。
［考题5］ we will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go. （2002北京）
a. what b. which c. where d. when
［答案］ c
［解析］ 本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places， 其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语， 因此只能填入关系副词where。
［考题6］ i walked in our garden, ____ tom and jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005辽宁）
a. which b. when c. where d. that
［答案］ c
［解析］ 本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语， 因此只能填入关系副词where。
［考题7］ we’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （2006山东）
a. where b. that c. when d. which
［答案］ a
［解析］ point可以理解成地点、 位置， 其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语， 因此下划线处只能填入引导词where
托福阅读考试中的定语和宾语从句
在中国，toefl亦是英语水平的一种证明，有一些单位(特别是三资企业)采用它衡量应聘者的英语水平。下面是小编为大家搜索整理的托福阅读考试中的定语和宾语从句，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!
scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (ir) it contained.
句子成分分析：scientists 做主语，felt 谓语动词，that从句做宾语。and并列连接词，and 后面的they 代指scientists. 整个句子是由and 连接的并列句。
例子翻译：科学家们感到他们通过确定一厘米厚的粘土的沉积时间可以能够知道灭绝的时间，并且科学家们认为沉积粘土的时间可以通过确定粘土中含lr这种元素的量来获得。
下面我简单介绍下宾语从句。
宾语从句，简单来说就是做宾语的成分不是词或短语，而是一个句子，这个句子叫宾语从句。这个句子可以做动词的宾语也可以做介词的宾语。从句前还得有连接词来连接。我们熟悉的连词that、what可以充当连接词。举例来说明：
he told me that i had to attend the meeting.
他告诉我，我必须出席会议。
the boss was satisfied with what the young man did.
老板对那个年轻人干的工作很满意。
it is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.
句子成分分析：it 做形式主语，that 从句做真正的'主语，第二个that 引导的从句做定语从句修饰the earliest living thing , 同时that 在从句中做主语，逗号后面a phenomenon 是解释symbiosis 的，that 从句修饰 phenomenon ,同时that 做主语，and 并列连词，连接 a phenomenon 和a principle , 最后一个that 是修饰 a principle，同时 that 从句的主语。
例子翻译：在这些岛屿上建立群落的最早生物体是共生关系的例子，这件事是很重要的。共生关系是一种现象 ，这种现象依赖两个或多个生命形式的密切合作，同时共生关系也是一种原则，是在岛屿群落中很重要的原则。
hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults.
托福阅读文章句子成分分析：hearing the stories，动名词做主语，may lead 做谓语动词，that 定语从句修饰events，同时that在从句中做主语，them 指代preschoolers.最后they can access as adults.实际上是they 前面省略了that，因为that 在从句中做宾语(如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语，通常把关系代词省略掉)。省略关系代词的例句：x is a good skirt (that )i have always wanted to buy.
托福阅读例子翻译： 听故事可能使学龄前儿童编码事件，这些事件允许他们形成记忆，这些记忆在他们成年的时候能够提取出来。
下面就定语从句简单说一些。
托福阅读高分策略提到所谓的定语从句，就是作定语的成分由词变成了句子。这个句子叫做定语从句。定语从句有两种，一种是这个从句对所修饰的词很重要，不能省略这个句子，如果省略，整个句子的意思就会受到影响，这种定语从句叫做限制性定语从句。另一种，定语从句被去掉，对整个句子的理解不会受到很大影响，句子的意思还是清楚并完整的。它起到了附加说明的作用。通常定语从句和前面的句子用逗号隔开。下面我们来用例子说明下：
do you know the girl who is speaking with mr. wang?
beijing, which is the capital of china, is a modern city.
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先行词与定语从句之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离，这种从句叫分隔定语从句。例如：
this is the article written by him that i spoke to you about.
he was the only person in this country that was invited.
①因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。
the film brought the hours back to me when i was taken good care of in that faraway village.
②在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加语言的灵活性。
the pen i thought i had lost is on my desk，right under my nose.
① as 有“正如，就像”之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
as we had expected，her performance was wonderful.
a panda， as we know，is a lovely animal.
tom is the tallest in our class，as you know.
但 which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：
the result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.
②在主谓宾结构的非限制性定语从句中，which 和 as 作宾语时可互换使用。
he was an englishman，which / as i knew from his accent.
作主语时通常用 which ，而不用 as 。但在“主语 +be+done ”结构中，as 作主语。例如：
he passed the examination，as was known.
③ as 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中； which 则不受此限制。例如：
mummy treats me just as a baby，which （不用 as ） i can’t bear.
she married again，which （不用 as ）was unexpected.
④在宾补结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语或宾语时，宜用 which ，而不用 as 。例如：
he believed in god，which （不用 as ） i find strange.
he changed his mind，which （不用 as ） made me very angry.
⑤定语从句中动词若为表示知觉的词，如 see ，expect ，say ，know 等时，用 as 而不用 which 。
as we expected / know， xiao ming took the first place in the game.
⑥ as 引导的定语从句与 it 作形式主语的主语从句和以 what 引导的主语从句的区别。试比较：
as is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
it is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
what is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入 and ， but ， so 等连接词。并列句一般由 and ， but ， so 等词连接，或中间用“分号”隔开。例如：
he paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （定语从句）
he paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）
he paid the boy $10 for washing the windows；most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）
recently i bought an ancient chinese vase，the price of which was reasonable. （定语从句）
recently i bought an ancient chinese vase；the price of it was reasonable. （并列句）
john’s parents kept telling him that he should work hard，but it didn’t help. （并列句）
this is so interesting a book that all of us want to read it. （ so …… that 引导的结果状语从句）
this is so interesting a book as all of us want to read. （ as 引导的定语从句）
通过以上两个例句不难看出， so …… that 引导结果状语从句，而定语从句中先行词前有 so ， such ， the same 修饰时，常用“ as ”来引导定语从句。
同位语从句是位于名词 answer ， belief ， doubt ， decision ， explanation ， fact ， hope ， idea ， information ， news ， order ， problem ， promise ， truth 等后的句子，并对这些句词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词 that 只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且 that 不可省略；同位语从句不可用 which 引导。而定语从句通常是一不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。作宾语时， that 可省略。
the fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear. （同位语从句）
the fact （that / which） she told me yesterday is very important. （定语从句）
1、 _________ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
a. as b. it c. that d. what
2、 now children like to go to the fast food restaurant， _________ as the name says， eating doesn’t take much time.
a. which b. that c. what d. where
3、 sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city， _________ happened in tang shan in 1976.
a. as b. that c. where d. like
4、 recently my father bought a chinese painting， _________ was very reasonable.
a. the price of it b. which price
c. the price of which d. its price
5、 we will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， _________ other visitors seldom go.
a. what b. which c. where d. when
6、 we were next-door neighbors for three years， during ________ time we met only twice.
a. which b. this c. in which d. same
7、 living in the central australia desert has its problems， _________ getting water is not the least.
a. as b. for what c. of which d. for what
8、 we should do more such exercises in the future， i think， ________ those we did yesterday.
a. as b. which c. that d. it
9、 gone are the days _________ we spent together in the village.
a. that b. when c. in which d. on which
10、 he failed his exam， _________ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
a. as b. which c. that d. a and b
11、 he must be from africa， _________ can be seen from his skin.
a. that b. as c. who d. what
1、 a 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. a
7、 c 8. a 9. a 10. d 11. b
