在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧，通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，欢迎大家分享阅读。
1. 同位语从句的功能。
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。
例如：
1) the king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) the order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置。
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例如：
he got the news from mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) the news that he told me is that tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)
2)the news that tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分) 。
who引导的定语从句用法
who引导的定语从句用法who引导的定语从句用法是怎样的?许多人并不是很清楚了解,以下是小编整理的相关语法,欢迎阅读。
一、 who引导的定语从句的'先行词是表示人的名词或代词。如：the student who is answering the question is john. 正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。
anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
二、 who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，此时不能省略。如：the person who was here yesterday is a musician. 昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。
但在非正式英语中，who亦可作宾语，且可以省略。如：the man（who）i saw just now is mr li. 我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。
三、 在定语从句中，who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。如：do you know the boy who is standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？
四、 若先行词中既有人又有物，关系代词用that而不用who。如：he watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。
五、 若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰，关系代词用that而不用who。如：yao ming is the best basketball player that i know. 姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。
tom is the first boy that left the room. 汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。
简单地说就是他们所充当的句子成分是不一样的楼层:2
who 可以做主语,又可以做宾语
whom只能做宾语
who和whom在定语从句中作关系代词时：
指人,在从句中做主语
(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.
(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.
指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略.
(1) is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) is just the boy whom i want to see.
s("content_relate");【who引导的定语从句用法】相关文章：
托福阅读考试中的定语和宾语从句10-22
2016托福阅读宾语与定语从句解析09-26
gmat语法what从句用法指导10-11
考研有哪些破解了定语从句的译法12-11
英语四级作文定语从句09-16
2018广东高考英语定语从句语法填空题09-06
2017中考英语语法复习：定语从句09-22
2017最新gmat考试定语从句知识点解析08-16
考研英语语法之定语从句的四种翻译法08-24
2015年大学英语四级考试语法讲解：定语从句11-14
1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时
2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.
3、 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时.
6、 当先行词既指人又指物时。
7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
8、主句是there be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。
9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。
10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。
定语从句长难句
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。下面是小编整理的定语从句长难句相关知识，希望对你有帮助!
1、结构识别：名词+连接词+句子
【例句】kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.
【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：kevin gave us a wonderful training course. it left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的'作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
2、常用连接词：
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, as, whose
关系连词：when, where, why, how
介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子
1、按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
2、在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例句】there is something by virtue of which man is man.
【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：1)there is something. 2)man is man by virtue of this thing.这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing，用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前，得到：there is something of which man is man by virtue.三、例句分析
【例句】such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
【解析】句子的主干为：such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…这句话的难点还在于其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing…，另一个是(which was)detached…。可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句，一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况，把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句。
s("content_relate");【定语从句长难句】相关文章：
定语从句长难句翻译07-10
定语从句长难句例句07-12
高考定语从句长难句07-20
英语长难句之定语从句07-15
分析攻克长难句之定语从句07-13
定语从句长难句分析方法有哪些07-18
考研英语长难句定语从句的译法指导12-11
雅思阅读难句的剖析:定语从句07-21
英语阅读难句分析之定语从句02-28
定语从句的几种类型
英语（英语：english）是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编为大家整理的定语从句的几种类型，欢迎阅读与收藏。
(一) 由 who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
student who answered the question was jack
(二) 由which引导的定语从句
1) which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。
e.g.：i found a door which was unlocked.
where is the book i bought yesterday?
2) which(whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在which(whom)之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which(whom)之前。
e.g.：please tell me from whom you borrowed the english novel. (=please tell me whom you borrowed the english novel from.)this is the magazine which you are looking for. (look for是固定词组)
(三) 由that引导的定语从句在这种定语从句中that可以指人或物，代替who，whom，which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的.宾语(不能放在介词后面作介词宾语)。
e.g.：would you like to have lunch at a new restaurant i heard about? (that可省略)但下列两种情况只能用that
1) 序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that. e.g.：the first english novel that i read was a tale of two cities by charles dickens.
2) all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词作先行词时，要用that。e.g.：everything that we saw at the industrial exhibition greatly interested us.
(四) 由when, where, why引导的定语从句
i will never forget the day when i arrived in london.
. (五) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，如果没有从句，先行词的意思就不明确，主句也不完整，从句和主句之间一般不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句是主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确或完整，这种定语从句一般用逗号与主句分开。在非限制性定语从句中通常不用关系代词that。
e.g：he once bought a railway ticket for a woman, which was reported in the newspapers.(which代表主句所述事实)
1. 知识目标：掌握下列重点单词和词组的意思及用法ache, evercise, weight, give up, interest及其词汇转化
2. 能力目标：能够询问有关健康的信息，表达态度，提供建议。学习使用由whose引导的定语从句。
3.情感目标：通过了解tony 的经历，培养体谅、关爱他人的情感态度。
1.重点：对话中的句型应用，由whose引导的定语从句
2.难点：由whose引导的定语从句的运用。
课件
[课前朗读]: 朗读生词ache, exercise, weight, give up, interest, tasty----taste, menu, persuade.根据音标读出单词并了解汉语意思，养成学生自主学习词汇的习惯，促使学生迅速进入学习状态。
[检查词汇预习]：
a.采取学生结对、小组互查等形式来检查学生对词汇的预习情况。
b.朗读单词,注意发音。
一、情境导入
教师可问学生：(1)what’s your favourite sport?(2) how do you think we can keep fit?(3) have you ever remembered what happened to tony in module9?这样会调动学生用英语思维的积极性, 引出本单元话题。
二、小听力(自主完成，合作释疑)
听activity 2,完成表格
betty
lingling
taijiquan
weight
training
running
针对表格进行说的练习。如：how does lingling think of taijiquan and running?
三、大听力 多层听
1.听activity 3，完成下列各题。
1).who has betty bumped into?
a. the head teacher b. the english teacher ng and betty
2).does daming think that the boy in his team can go to a sports school ?
a. yes, he does b. no， he doesn’t c. we don’t know
3).what does daming want the head teacher to write ?
a. something about staying healthy
b. something about training for the olympics
c. something about buying a camera
2. 再听activity 3，完成下列表格。
1. how did tony feel
the basketball training? 1. he feels very
2. what will the boy in daming’s team need to do? 2. he needs to do a lot of___ _____
3. why isn’t allowed to use his father’s camera any more? 3. because he almost __ ______ it last time.
四、默读对话，自主完成activity 4.
完成后小组展示并纠正。小组间合作解决activity 3中不懂的地方，教师适时点拨。
五、突破重点与难点
对重点内容和疑难问题进行合作探究学习。
legs ache a bit. ___________________(翻译)
(1) a bit 译为_____________. 其同义短语是___________.
自主造句:_______________________________.
2. don’t give up if you want to stay fit.__________________________.
give up, 放弃。其中up是代词，后跟名词作宾语时可放在短语 ，也可放在 ，而跟代词宾语时只能放 。例如：give it/them up放弃做某事----give up doing sth.
自主造句： _______________________.
我们学过的可加动名词的动词或短语有
is not fit or strong enough.____________________________
总结enough 的用法并举例
自主造句:
4. i’ve got a friend whose brother is training for the olympics.此句含有一个whose 引导的定语从句，whose在从句中作定语，又如：
he is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman.
there is a boy whose parents want him to go to a sports school.
先行词为无生命的物体时也可以用whose 引导定语从句.如：
the book whose cover is green is mine.
no one now lives in the room whose windows are broken.
5.找出含有whose 的定语从句并翻译句子。分析定语从句的先行词。
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
5. 自主补充完善
六、归纳短语
通过对对话的学习，让学生归纳本课的短语，可以小组合作，然后通过展示呈现出一个小组的成果，然后其他小组补充完善。
1. _____________________ 9._______________________
2. _____________________ 10.______________________
3. _____________________ ______________________
4. _____________________ _______________________
5. _____________________ ______________________
6. _____________________ ______________________
7. _____________________ ______________________
8. _____________________ ______________________
七、诵读积累
(一)跟录音机朗读对话，模仿语音语调。
(二)读熟对话
(三)读烂短语
(四)读烂下列重点句子
’t give up if you want to stay fit.
2. he isn’t fit or strong enough.
3.i’m not allowed to use it any more.
’s my father who gives me my pocket money.
5. don’t talk to me about that.
6. what’s up?
what?
8. (含有whose的定语从句)
八、说的训练：
work in pairs. ask and answer the questions in activity 5.
九、当堂检测
(一)翻译下列短语及句子：
1.放弃___________________2.一点_____________________________
3.保持健康 _______________ 4.足够强壮_________________
5.碰巧遇到_________________6.发生什么事了?_________________
7.看起来像 ________________ 8.祝你好运 ________________
s("content_relate");【定语从句的几种类型】相关文章：
托福阅读考试中的定语和宾语从句10-22
2016托福阅读宾语与定语从句解析09-26
作文评语的几种类型01-18
考研有哪些破解了定语从句的译法12-11
英语四级作文定语从句09-16
2018广东高考英语定语从句语法填空题09-06
2017中考英语语法复习：定语从句09-22
最失败的几种跳槽类型有哪些01-06
2017最新gmat考试定语从句知识点解析08-16
意大利留学奖学金分几种类型10-28
考研英语:定语从句的翻译指导
98年 71) but even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
结构分析：这是一个复合句. but even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句（参见1995年71题），在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。
译文： 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的'是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
02年 64)they are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的：they are…, and they are；in which引导定语从句，修饰practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定语从句的谓语，given前面省略了助动词is。
译文：自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。/它们（自由和尊严）对于那种要求个人对自己的行为负责并因为其业绩而受到赞扬的做法来说，是必不可少的。
当译成前置定语会使句子变得臃肿，妨碍理解的时候，最好让其独立成句。
94年 72)"in short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."
新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”
contend坚决主张,声称[y][+(that)]
the police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.
警察强调说他们面临的困难太严重了。
he left his job largely because he was homesick.
他辞职不干主要是因为他想家。
we have countless reasons against his plan.
我们有举不胜举的理由反对他的计划。
96年 72) this trend began during the second world war, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
基本结构：简单句+时间状语从句（主语+谓语+宾语+同位语从句（主语the specific demands +定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment+谓语cannot generally be foreseen in detail）
基本结构试译：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：……
译 文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
注意：不要将when引导的定语从句与时间状语从句相混淆，当然也就不能when引导的定语从句翻译成“当… 时候”。when引导定语从句前面一般是表示时间的词作为先行词，如果是过去时，when译成“其时、届时”“当时”“在那个时候”，如果是将来时态，则译成“到时”“届时”，有时候还可以译成“然后”“随后”。
the queen will visit the small town in april, when she will open the new hospital.
女王将于四月访问小镇，到时，她将主持这家新医院的开业仪式。
i expect to stay here no more than two days, when i shall return.
我预计在那儿呆两天，随后就回来。
99年 71 while there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。while there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians整个这一部分是让步状语从句，其中第一个as是程度副词，第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句there are historians；modern practice most closely conforms to one是主谓宾结构的主句；that sees history as the attempt是修饰one的定语从句，to recreate and explain the significant events of the past是不定式短语做名词attempt的后置定语。
译文：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
[我们的翻译]：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,而现代实践最符合这样一个定义，该定义把历史看作是重现和解释过去的重要事件的尝试。
there are almost as many job opportunities as there are college graduates.
几乎每个大学毕业生都有就业机会。
01年 73) pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。pearson has pieced together the work是主谓结构的主句，of hundreds of researchers是介宾短语做定语修饰名词work，around the world则是介宾短语修饰名词researchers，to produce a unique millennium technology calendar是不定式短语做结果状语，that引导定语从句修饰名词calendar，when引导定语从句修饰dates。这里的when相当于by which，因此不能翻译成“当… 时候”，而应该翻译成“通过这些日期”或者“到这些日期”
译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
s("content_relate");【考研英语:定语从句的翻译指导】相关文章：
考研英语语法之定语从句的四种翻译法08-24
英语定语、状语从句习题09-20
定语从句英语教学设计08-26
初三英语定语从句教学设计08-26
定语从句教学设计08-26
定语从句的教学设计08-26
初中定语从句教学设计08-26
定语从句讲解教学设计08-26
定语从句初中教学设计08-26
定语从句复习教学设计08-27
英语自我介绍有从句
对于现在的人们来说，做一个英语的自我介绍很简单，但是要做一个好的`英语介绍不容易，下面小编给大家准备了有从句的英语自我介绍范文，欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
good morning，ladies and gentlements， its my honor to be here today. my name is ramos， i am from southeast university.
my major is mechanical design. in the past three years， im always the top ten students in my class.
i have passed the cet4 and cet6 with a high scores and also won the first prize scholorship in 20**. in the university im not only studying hard and but also actively join a lot of activities.
i once participated in the model united nation and organized some useful activities like english corner for students english learning.
my life in university is very colorful and fruithful， it helps me gain knowledge and makes me become more communicative and cooperative through leaning and activities.
whats more， i worked for quanfeng group as a intern overseas
customers quality engineer this summer. i learned a lot about quality
control， quality assurance， quality standard like iso and eu. last but not
least， i also learned al ot more from custmers and designing engineers.
you know the overseas cusomers quality engineer requires the person who have excellent communication skills and proficient english skills to work with our overseas customers and engineers.
although sometimes its hard to solve the disputes， but it really helps me to build up my communication skills ， capabilities and oral english.
hello every one
first let me introduce myself. my name is ***, ** years old. i am from ******,a beautiful city in henan province.
it is famous as the "capital of ****" and enjoy yhe honer that l***** peony is the best in the world.
****** played a very important role in chinese history. so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.
such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.
****** peony is world-famous. every year, many tourists travel to ****** to see the beauty of peony .
the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much.
i am very glad to be here for this interview. i graduated from ****** college in july, **** and major in finance.
then, i was a teacher in abc, when i was a senior school student, i am interested in thought and began to read a certain classic work of marxism, especially i finished reading “the florilegium of mao zedong”.
from then on, i have dabbled in more and more theoretical works and accumulated great interests in theory study, especially in marxism.
i have a dream, a dream of my study. i wish devote my whole life and energy into the development of the marxism.
if i have the opportunity to study in abc university, i’ll dabble in as much as document about the specialty as possible. if it is possible, i want to get the primary accomplishment in my major, at least, a stable basis.
personally, for today’s china, the first task to the development of marxism is a process of construction.
that’s to say, we should understand marxism mostly from the aspect of construction and development of social society.
only when our socialistic country has a more rapid and balance development than the capitalistic, we can enhance the attractiveness and persuasion of marxism eventually.
thank you !
good morning !
it is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,
i hope i can make a good performance today. i'm confident that i can succeed.
now i will introduce myself briefly
i am 26 years old,born in shandong province .
i was graduated from qingdao university. my major is i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 2016.
i spend most of my time on study,i have passed cet4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.
i think i'm a good team player and i'm a person of great honesty to others. also i am able to work under great pressure. that's all. thank you for giving me the chance.
good morning ladies and gentlemen!i am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .first of all ， my chinese name is xx and my english name is xx .i am xx years old. i am open-minded ，quick in thought and very fond of my spare time，i have broad interests like many other youngsters.i like reading books， especially those about xx . frequently i exchange with other people by making com#ments in the forum on line.
it is my long cherished dream to be a member of english . i think im a good team player and im a person of great honesty to others. also i am able to work under great pressure.
thats all. thank you for giving me this chance.
s("content_relate");【英语自我介绍有从句】相关文章：
1.英语语法—从句—宾语从句用法
2.英语语法:比较从句
3.大学英语定语从句
4.英语语法宾语从句
5.英语宾语从句解析
6.英语定语从句用法详解
7.英语语法状语从句
8.表语从句英语语法
【--党课讲稿】
一 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。
a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，
thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from america
our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.
falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool
he is the man who you are looking for.
二：定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why.
1. i have an apple. an apple is red.
i have an apple that/which is red. ↑ ↑
先行词 关系代词
2.i like some friends. some friends like sports.
i like friends who like sports.
↑ ↑
先行词 关系代词
3.i like music. the music is quiet.
i like music that/which is quiet.
↑ ↑
先行词 关系代词
关系词通常有下列三个作用：a、引导定语从句，连接主从句；b、代替先行词；c、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
the boys who are playing football are from class one. those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. yesterday i helped an old man who had lost his way. that is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
mr liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. li ming is just the boy ( whom ) i want to see. the professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. the girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
the man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
football is a game which is liked by most boys. he likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. the house which is by the lake looks nice. this is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. the film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 。
4．that 即可指人，也可指物.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
the number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
where is the man that / whom i saw this morning? the person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.
the season that / which comes after spring is summer.
yesterday i received a letter that / which came from australia.
5．whose 即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
i visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. he has a friend whose father is a doctor.
i once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时。如：
have you taken down everything that mr. li said?
there seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
all that can be done has been done. 。
there is little that i can do for you.
he stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. all the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
this is the best film that i have ever seen.
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
this is the very dictionary that i want to buy.
after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
who is the man that is standing by the gate?
which is the t-shirt that fits me most?
6．当先行词为人与物时。如：
they talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when. 若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。
i still remember the day when i first came to this school.
the time when we got together finally arrived.
do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandpare？do you remember the days（that/which） we spent together last year? i will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. i will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where. 若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。
shanghai is the city where i was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. i visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . shanghai is the city (which/that) i want to visit.
i know a place where we can have a picnic. i know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason; 且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导。若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。
please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
i don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
i didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
from the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. the reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.
（四）“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
the school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
the school in which he once studied is very famous.
tomorrow i’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
tomorrow i’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. this is the boy (whom / who / that) i played tennis with yesterday.
this is the boy with whom i played tennis with yesterday. we’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
we’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. the manager whose company i work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
the manager in whose company i work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：１． 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
this is the watch (which / that) i am looking for. (正)
this is the watch for which i am looking . (误)
the babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
the babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。the man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) the man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
the plane in which we flew to canada was really comfortable. (正) the plane in that we flew to canada was really comfortable. (误)
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
he loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 注意事项:如何判断关系代词和关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。
例如：this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.
i"ll never forget the days when i worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） this is the mountain village where i visited last year.
（错） i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
（对） this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.
（对） i"ll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
a. whereb. that c. on which d. the one
例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
a. whereb. that c. on whichd. the one答案：
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
关系词的使用上：a．作宾语时可省略 b．可用that c．可用who 代替whom
非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：a．不可省略 b．不用that c．不可用who 代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on. china is a country which has a long history.
in the street i saw a man who was from africa.
his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
last summer i visited the people’s great hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
he married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
he is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。
2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：
as is known to all, china is a developing country.
he is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
john, as you know, is a famous writer.
zhang hua has been to paris more than ten times, which i don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
these tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.
1. 当先行词受such, so, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：
i’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
he is not such a fool as he looks.
this is the same dictionary as i lost last week.
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
she wore the same dress that she wore at mary’s wedding. she wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
(三) 以the way为先行词时，若定语从句中缺方式状语，定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且还可以省略。若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用（that/which）引导定语从句。
the way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.
i don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. i don’t like the way (that/which) he told me.
做定语从句题一般分三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。
exercises:
are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is mary"s.
a the smallest of which b the smaller of which
c the smallest of them d the smallest one
greens will move into the new house next monday,_____ it will be completely finished.
a by the time b by which time c by that time d by this time
has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.
a none of them b no one of which c all of which d none of which
the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village i taught before lived a happy life.
a who b whose c in whose d in which
is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.
a whose b of which c it"s d that
may have missed her train, in ____ case she won"t arrive for another hour.
a what b that c which d this
7.1)i have three children,and two of _____ are doctors.
2)i have three children, two of ____ are doctors.
two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.
a two-thirds in which b two-thirds in them c two-thirds of them d of whom two thirds
9.i have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.
a neither of them b none of them c neither of which d none of which
（1---6abdcbc 7----9b ddc）
特殊结构定语从句点击
1. these houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
a. like b. as c. that d. which
2. i"ve never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.
a. as b. that c. of which d. about which
3. i"ve seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.
a. that b. which c. as d. like
4. i"ll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
a. that b. which c. as d. like
5. he made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
a. which i think is
b. which i think it is
c. which i think it
d. i think is
6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
a. it b. as c. that d. what
7. this is the first time ________ he has been here.
a. that b. when c. at which d. which
8. i don"t like ________ you speak to her.
a. the way b. they way in that c. the way which d. the way of which
答案与简析：
1. b。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as"引导的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。
2. a。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。
3. a
4. c。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。
5. a。做此题的关键是要知道i think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。
6. b。ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选ａ，则需将逗号改为that；如选d，则需将逗号改为is that。
7. a。当先行词为the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。
8. a。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或in which, 也可省略。
定语从句
1．this is the best factory ____we visited last year .
a. where b. which c. in which d. that
this the factory ____computers are built ?
a. that b. which c. in which d. in that
pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .
a. whose s c. which d. which of
man ____has arrived .
a. whom i told you b. that i told you
c. whom i told you about him d. i told you about
5. do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?
a. to whom b. to who c. whom d. to that
6. they visited the house ___the great writer was born .
a. from where b. in which c. which d. in where
7. the comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .
a. whom b. which c. who d. whose
8. he asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .
a. who b. that c. what d. where
9. i’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from shanghai .
a. who b. that c. when d. which
school ___i study is a new one .
a. on which b. at where c. on that d. at which
11. china has many islands,____the largest is taiwan .
a. in which b. at which c. which d. of which
12. the city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .
a. what b. where c. that d. which
13. our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .
a. which b. his c. that d. whose
14. do you know the man ___your father nodded ?
a. whom b. to whom c. to who d. about whom
ing is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .
a. that b. when c. which d. what
16. i told you ____i know .
a. all that b. all which c. all what d. all whom
has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is lu xun .
a. of which b. of whom c. of who d. of them
18. is this factory ____we visited last year ?
a. in which b. around that c. whom d. the one
19. who is the man ____was there ?
a. who b. which c. that d. whom
20. is there anything ____i can do for you, sir ?
a. that b. which c. whose d. who
21. i still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .
a. which b. in which c. on that d. on which
22. the knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
a. with which b. with it c. with that d. which
23. the games ____the young men competed in were difficult .
a. in which b. which c. it d. who
rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
a. that b. which c. as d. it
25. george mallory was an english school teacher _____ loved climbing.
a. who b. whom c. he d. which
历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选
parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
whom whose
heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
whom whom
weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
living in pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
31．carol said the work would be done by october,______personally i doubt very much.
a. it
32．dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
a．who b．which c．this d．what
ly i bought an ancient chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
price price of which
price price of whose
34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
lived in london for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some english.
the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
which s
er i met him , ____ was fairly often, i like his sweet and hopeful smile.
visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
boss ____ department ms king worked ten years ago look down upon women.
which that whose
40.i don’t like _____ you speak to her.
way way in that way which way of which
41.i had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ i got wet through .
’s the reason ’s why
’s why ’s how
made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
i think is i think it is
i think it d.i think which is
定语从句答案:
1-5dcada 6-10 bcbcd 11-15 dbdbc 16-20 abdca 21- 25 dabba
keys: 26-30 dbdbb 31-35 dbcab 36-40 abbca 41-42 ba
本文来源：http:///buwangchuxin/30537/
gmat中定语从句和同位语从句辨析
定语从句是形容词从句，其句法功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，这两个词在gmat考试中都是很重要的，下面小编就来为大家详细介绍一下吧!试比较：the news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
析：定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。the news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
析：同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
例如：the news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是：the news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
例如：the factory which(that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(定语从句)he must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。(同位语从句)
试比较： the idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
析：that在从句中作gave的宾语，句子为定语从句。the idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
析：that在从句中不充当任何成分，句子为同位语从句。
例如：i’ll keep the promise (that/which) i made two years ago.我将履行两年前许下的诺言。(定语从句)析：关系代词that或which在定语从句中作made的宾语，可以省去。i’ll keep a promise that i will write to you as soon as i get to beijing.我会守诺，我一到北京就给你写信。(同位语从句)
试比较：i still remember the day when(on which)i first came to beijing.我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。(定语从句)
i have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时才会回来。(同位语从句)
this is the house where (in which) i lived two years ago.这幢房子是我两年前住的那一幢。 (定语从句)
he raised the question where we would go.他提出这个问题，我们去哪儿。(同位语从句)
i didn’t know the reason why(for which)he didn’t come yesterday.我不知道他昨天为什么没有来。(定语从句)
he solved the problem why it couldn’t work.他解决了机器不能运转的毛病。(同位语从句)
the investigations of many psychologists and anthropologists support the generalization of there being little that is a significant difference in the underlying mental processes manifested by people from different cultures.
(a) of there being little that is a significant difference
(b) of there being little that is significantly different
(c) of little that is significantly different
(d) that there is little that is significantly different
(e) that there is little of significant differences
考点: 简洁有效(rhetorical construction)
1) 宾语从句强调整体, 谓语+宾语结构只强调宾语 参考17题
(a) of there being代替that同位语从句表达复杂,笨拙并且不符合习惯.
(b) 错误同a选项
(c) 错误同a选项
(d) 正确, 用that同位语从句清楚地解释了generalization的内容
(e) significant differences在这里可以理解为有重要意义的区别,也可以理解为重要的区别,因此不
如significantly表达意思清楚
s("content_relate");【gmat中定语从句和同位语从句辨析】相关文章：
1.考研英语同位语从句和定语从句的区别
2.考研英语语法同位语从句和定语从句的区别
3.定语从句详解
4.同位语从句详解
5.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
6.定语从句用法详解
7.定语从句用法解析
8.考研英语定语从句
