人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢？下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
买方：______________________
卖方：______________________
签约日期：__________________
本合同由买卖双方缔结，用中、英文字写成，两种文体具有同等效力，按照下述条款，卖方同意售出买方同意购进以下商品：
第一部分
1.商品名称及规格：______________________
2.生产国别及制造厂商：______________________
3.单价（包装费用包括在内）：______________________
4.数量：______________________
5.总值：______________________
6.包装（适合海洋运输）：______________________
7._____（除非另有协议，_____均由买方负责）：______________________
8.装船时间：______________________
9.装运口岸：______________________
10.目的口岸：______________________
11.装运唛头，卖方负责在每件货物上用牢固的不褪色的颜料明显地刷印或标明下述唛头，以及目的口岸、件号、毛重和净重、尺码和其它买方要求的标记。如系危险及/或有毒货物，卖方负责保证在每件货物上明显地标明货物的性质说明及习惯上被接受的标记。
13.其它条件：除非经买方同意和接受，本合同其它一切有关事项均按第二部分交货条款之规定办理，该交货条款为本合同不可分的部分，本合同如有任何附加条款将自动地优先执行附加条款，如附加条款与本合同条款有抵触，则以附加条款为准。
第二部分
/fas条件
14.1?本合同项下货物的装运舱位由买方或买方的运输代理人______________________租订。
14.2?在fob条件下，卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期装上买方所指定的船只。
14.3?在fas条件下，卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期交到买方所指定船只的吊杆下。
14.4?货物装运日前10－15天，买方应以电报或电传通知卖方合同号、船只预计到港日期、装运数量及船运代理人的名称。以便卖方经与该船运代理人联系及安排货物的装运。卖方应将联系结果通过电报或电传及时报告买方。如买方因故需要变更船只或者船只比预先通知卖方的日期提前或推迟到达装运港口，买方或其船运代理人应及时通知卖方。卖方亦应与买方的运输代理或买方保持密切联系。
14.5?如买方所订船只到达装运港后，卖方不能在买方所通知的装船时间内将货物装上船只或将货物交到吊杆之下，卖方应负担买方的一切费用和损失，如空舱费、滞期费及由此而引起的及/或遭受的买方的一切损失。
15.c＆f条件
15.1?卖方在本合同第8条规定的时间之内应将货物装上由装运港到中国口岸的直达船。未经买方事先许可，不得转船。货物不得由悬挂中国港口当局所不能接受的国家旗帜的船装载。
15.2?卖方所租船只应适航和适货。卖方租船时应慎重和认真地选择承运人及船只。买方不接受非保赔协会成员的船只。
15.3?卖方所租载货船只应在正常合理时间内驶达目的港。不得无故绕行或迟延。
15.4?卖方所租载货船只船龄不得超过15年。对超过15年船龄的船只其超船龄额外_____费应由卖方负担。买方不接受船龄超过二十年的船只。
15.5?一次装运数量超过一千吨的货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载，卖方应在装船日前至少10天用电传或电报通知买方合同号、商品名称、数量、船名、船龄、船籍、船只主要规范、预计装货日、预计到达目的港时间、船公司名称、电传和电报挂号。
15.6?一次装运一千吨以上货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载，其船长应在该船抵达目的港前7天和24小时分别用电传或电报通知买方预计抵港时间、合同号、商品名称及数量。
15.7?如果货物由班轮装运，载货船只必须是____________船级社最高船级或船级协会条款规定的相同级别的船级，船只状况应保持至提单有效期终了时止，以装船日为准船龄不得超过20年。超过20年船龄的船只，卖方应负担超船龄外_____费。买方绝不接受超过25年船龄的船只。
15.8?对于散件货，如果卖方未经买方事前同意而装入集装箱，卖方应负责向买方支付赔偿金，由双方在适当时间商定具体金额。
15.9?卖方应和载运货物的船只保持密切联系，并以最快的手段通知买方船只在途中发生的一切事故，如因卖方未及时通知买方而造成买方的一切损失卖方应负责赔偿。
条件
在cif条件下，除本合同第15条c＆f条件适用之外卖方负责货物的_____，但不允许有免赔率。
17.装船通知
18.装船单据
18.a?卖方凭下列单据向付款银行议付货款：
18.a.1?填写通知目的口岸的____________________运输公司的空白抬头、空白背书的_____已装运洋轮的清洁提单（如系c＆f/cif条款则注明“运费已付”，如系fob/fas条款则注明“运费待收”）。
18.a.2?由信用证受益人签名出具的发票5份，注明合同号、信用证号、商品名称、详细规格及装船唛头标记。
18.a.3?两份由信用证受益人出具的装箱单及/或重量单，注明每件货物的毛重和净重及/或尺码。
18.a.4?由制造商及/或装运口岸的合格、_____的公证行签发的品质检验证书及数量或重量证书各两份，必须注明货物的全部规格与信用证规定相符。
18.a.5?本交货条件第17条规定的装船通知电报或电传副本一份。
18.a.7?运货船只的国籍已经买主批准的书信一封。
18.a.8?如系卖方_____需提供投保不少于发票价值110％的一切险和战争险的_____单。
18.b?不接受影印、自动或电脑处理、或复印的任何正本单据，除非这些单据印有清晰的“正本”字样，并经发证单位授权的领导人手签证明。
18.c?联运提单、迟期提单、简式提单不能接受。
18.d?受益人指定的第三者为装船者不能接受，除非该第三者提单由装船者背书转受益人，再由受赠人背书后方可接受。
18.e?信用证开立日期之前出具的单据不能接受。
18.f?对于c＆f/cif货载，不接受租船提单，除非受益人提供租船合同、船长或大副收据、装船命令、货物配载图及或买方在信用证内所要求提供的其它单据副本各一份。
18.g?卖方须将提单、发票及装箱单各两份副本随船带交目的口岸的买方收货代理人______________________________。
18.h?载运货船启碇后，卖方须立即航空邮寄_____单据副本一份给买方，三份给目的口岸的对外贸易运输公司分公司。
18.j?中华人民共和国境外的银行费用由卖方负担。
19.合同所订货物如用空运，则本合同有关海运的一切条款均按空运条款执行。
20.危险品说明书
凡属危险品及/或有毒，卖方必须提供其危险或有毒性能、运输、仓储和装卸注意事项以及防治、急救、消防方法的说明书，卖方应将此项说明书各三份随同其他装船单据航空邮寄给买方及目的口岸的________________________________________运输公司。
21.检验和索赔
22.赔偿费
因“人力不可抗拒”而推迟或不能交货者除外，如果卖方不能交货或不能按合同规定的条件交货，卖方应负责向买方赔偿由此而引起的一切损失和遭受的损害，包括买价及/或买价的差价、空舱费、滞期费，以及由此而引起的直接或间接损失。买方有权撤销全部或部分合同，但并不妨碍买方向卖方提出索赔的权利。
23.赔偿例外
24._____
双方同意对一切因执行和解释本合同条款所发生的争议，努力通过友好协商解决。在争议发生之日起一个合理的时间内，最多不超过90天，协商不能取得对买卖双方都满意的结果时，如买方决定不向他认为合适的有管辖权的法院提出诉讼，则该争议应提交_____。除双方另有协议，_____应在中国北京举行，并按中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易_____委员会所制订的_____规则和程序进行_____，该_____为终局裁决，对双方均有约束力。_____费用除非另有决定，由败诉一方负担。
卖方：_________________
买方：_________________
编 号(no.) ：_____________
签约地点(signed at) ：________
日 期(date) ：_____________
卖方(seller) ：________________________
地址(address) ：_______________________
电话(tel) ：__________传真(fax) ：__________
电子邮箱(e-mail) ：_____________________
买方(buyer) ： ______________________
地址(address) ： ______________________
电话(tel) ：：_________传真(fax) ：_____________
电子邮箱(e-mail) ： ______________________
买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交：
the undersigned seller and buyer have agreed to close the following transactions according to the terms and conditions set forth as below：
1. 货物名称、规格和质量 (name， specifications and quality of commodity)：
2. 数量(quantity)：
3. 单价及价格条款 (unit price and terms of delivery) ：：
(除非另有规定，“fob”、“cfr”和“ cif”均应依照国际商会制定的《20xx年国际贸易术语解释通则》(incoterms 20xx)办理。)
the terms fob，cfr，or cif shall be subject to the international rules for the interpretation of trade terms (incoterms 20xx) provided by international chamber of commerce (icc) unless otherwise stipulated herein.)
4. 总价 (total amount)：
5. 允许溢短装(more or less)： ___%.
6. 装运期限(time of shipment)：
收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证___天内装运。
within _____ days after receipt of l/c allowing transhipment and partial shipment.
7. 付款条件(terms of payment)：
买方须于____ 前将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方，该信用证的有效期延至装运期后_____天在中国到期，并必 须注明允许分批装运和转船。
by confirmed， irrevocable， transferable and divisible l/c to be available by sight draft to reach the seller before ______ and to remain valid for negotiation in china until ______after the time of shipment. the l/c must specify that transshipment and partial shipments are allowed.
买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证，卖方有权发出通知取消本合同，或接受 买方对本合同未执行的全部或部份，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。
the buyer shall establish a letter of credit before the above-stipulated time， failing which， the seller shall have the right to rescind this contract upon the arrival of the notice at buyer or to accept whole or part of this contract non fulfilled by the buyer， or to lodge a claim for the direct losses sustained， if any.
8. 包装(packing)：
9. 保险(insurance)：
按发票金额的___%投保_____险，由____负责投保。
covering _____ risks for______110% of invoice value to be effected by the ____________.
10. 品质/数量异议 (quality/quantity discrepancy)：
如买方提出索赔，凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出，凡属 数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出，对所装货物所提任何异议于保险 公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者，卖方不负任何责任。
in case of quality discrepancy， claim should be filed by the buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination， while for quantity discrepancy， claim should be filed by the buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. it is understood that the seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the insurance company， shipping company， other transportation organization /or post office are liable.
11. 由于发生人力不可抗拒的原因，致使本合约不能履行，部分或全部商品 延误交货，卖方概不负责。本合同所指的不可抗力系指不可干预、不能避免且不 能克服的客观情况。
the seller shall not be held responsible for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this sales contract in consequence of any force majeure incidents which might occur. force majeure as referred to in this contract means unforeseeable， unavoidable and insurmountable objective conditions.
12. 仲裁(arbitration)：
因凡本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议，如果协商不能解决，应提 交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会。按照申请仲裁时该会当时施行的仲裁 规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均有约束力。
any dispute arising from or in connection with the sales contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. in case no settlement can be reached， the dispute shall then be submitted to china international economic and trade arbitration commission (cietac) ，shenzhe commission for arbitration in accordance with its rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. the arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.
13. 通知(notices)：
所有通知用___文写成，并按照如下地址用传真/电子邮件/快件送达给各方。如果地址有变更，一方应在变更后___日内书面通知另一方。
all notice shall be written in _____ and served to both parties by fax/e-mail /courier according to the following addresses. if any changes of the addresses occur， one party shall inform the other party of the change of address within ____ days after the change.
14. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式 _____ 份。自双方签字(盖章)之日起生效。
this contract is executed in two counterparts each in chinese and english， each of which shall be deemed equally authentic. this contract is in _____ copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties.
the seller： the buyer：
卖方签字： 买方签字：
幼儿园英语儿歌教案
【篇1：小班幼儿英语教案】
小班幼儿英语教案：苹果和桔子
一．活动目标：
1． 培养幼儿对英语的兴趣，让幼儿乐意参与英语活动； 2．在教师的带领下，让幼儿了解几种水果的英文名称； 3．鼓励幼儿能模仿教师说英语。
二．活动内容：
让幼儿认识apple orange,因为幼儿在日常生活中经常见到和接触，所以幼儿比较了解且会较容易学会。只要是让幼儿认识苹果和橘子的英文单词，对它们有一个简单的印象。
三．活动准备：
苹果和桔子的图片
四．活动过程： 1．热身运动
播放上次教学活动的《hello》 2．单词导出
师：good morning, your like eating fruits?（小朋友，你们喜欢吃水果吗？）师：do you know their english name?(你们知道他们的英文名字吗？)师：今天老师和小朋友认识两种水果的英文名字
a．apple
老师手上拿着图片，让幼儿猜猜是什么？
师：look!what is this?(看看，这是什么？)
师：this is a apple.(这是一个苹果)
师：苹果，苹果，apple，apple
师：look!what is this?
师：对，橘子，orange
师：橘子，橘子，orange,orange
师：现在我们来听听水果的英文儿歌 3．品尝水果
准备水果，给每个幼儿一个（橘子），让幼儿通过嗅觉品尝橘子的滋味。让幼儿更深入的了解、认识橘子和苹果。4．播放《i like apple》，引起幼儿兴趣。播放两到三遍的英语儿歌，吸引幼儿对英语的兴趣，让幼儿对苹果和橘子等的英文单词有印象。5． 幼儿辨认水果
第一种方法：
教师把水果放在桌面。
t: i’m hungry now.i want to eat some fruits, who want to help me?(作举手状)接着当幼儿上来时，教师说：i like apple/orange。看幼儿是否拿到正确的水果。如果拿错，可说:no, i don’t like orange.i like apple(手指apple).无论何种情况，记得说thank you.第二种方法：
教师把两种水果放在身后藏起来，突然拿出，跟幼儿一起说出其名称，让幼儿有兴奋感。6．结束。
〈1〉复习巩固
教师再出示一次水果让幼儿复习一遍
〈2〉在听一遍《i like apple》
〈3〉t: ok!we are so ’s have a ’s say good bye to the apple.c: bye-bye, apple!
t: say good bye to the orange.c: bye-bye, orange.五．活动反思：
(1)在小班的英语活动中，实行全英文教育还是有一定的难度，在某种程度上还需中英相结合。
(2)在教学活动中，教师的表情、动作一定要夸张，语音语调要抑扬顿挫，从而才能吸引幼儿。
(3)在活动中，千万不要忽略胆怯、内向的幼儿，多给他们一点关爱和鼓励。
【篇2：英语歌曲学习教案】
英语歌曲学习教案模板
【篇3：英文歌曲赏析教案】
广州市真光中学初中部校本课 课程名称 英文歌曲赏析 授课教师周丽君
自我评价范文（英文版）
1、good command of computer skills: familiar with different versions of windows os and office application software, able to program with c and fortran languages, obtained some experience and understanding about other widely-used software like autocad, photoshop, coreldraw and dreamweaver.
具有良好的计算机技能，熟悉各类windows操作系统以及office系列办公软件，可使用c语言和fortran语言进行编程，对于autocad、photoshop、 coreldraw 、dreamwaver也有一定的了解和使用经验。 perception & intellect; with widen and swift thinking; able to be quickly adapted to different nt; with sureness; responsible; everytime fulfil my duties to my own entiously, absorbedly work in a planned and order way; pursue the image; temperate, calm and steady personality; strong affinity; good at getting along with t; have holding capacity to pressure and setback.有很强的领悟力和理解力，思维开阔、敏捷，能够很快适应不同环境。 勤奋，踏实，有责任心，对自己的工作尽职尽责。 做事认真、专注，有计划、有条理，追求完美。 形象良好，性格温和、稳重，亲和力强，善于与人相处。 有耐心，对压力和挫折有承受力。ted all the courses in the specialized field, obtaining good command of theoretic knowledge and experimental and diy skill; very adaptable and good at
leaning.顺利完成专业课程学习，熟练掌握专业理论知识和实验技能，具有很强的动手能力，善于学习新知识和适应新环境。-going and congenial, with a strong sense of responsibility and good team-spirit.为人谦和友善，做事态度认真，有强烈的责任感和良好的团队精神。
in oral english , with fairly good of reading and writing ability; speaking authentic mandarin-chinese.英语口语流利，具有良好的英语阅读、写作能力；普通话标准。 played a couple important roles in the student organizations, honing the interpersonal communication skills and organizational capability.曾担任学校社团职务，培养了良好的人际交往技巧与组织能力。 a wide range of hobbies, including oral english, music, movies and literature .兴趣广泛，喜爱英语口语、音乐、影视以及文学创作。
energetic, easygoing, humorous, initiative，independent and good communication skill，responsible, task oriented, ability of learning, flexibility efficient, honest, reliable
good morning !
it is an honor to have this opportunity for this interview, what should i say? some information as you can see on resume. just say something, i get along well with around people, they said i am not a bad guy, of course, they are my friends, but what they said is true. i am an easygoing and reliable man, i always keep my word,
energetic, initiative, responsible. i just forgot, i will get my drive license before my graduate.
i'd prefer to trying some news things, new challenge rather than the dull work. i love embed research and development, i spend much of my time on it. i studied mcs51, dsp piccolo, arm m3, i felt happy when i could operate them, it feels good. cypress is a good company in this industry, now i have no choice but to pursue my dream. it’s the time i should do something , i should catch this chance . that is the reason why i come here to compete for this position. i'm a good team player and i'm a person of great honesty to others. also i am able to work under great pressure.
that’s all. thank you for your attention.
自我介绍(self-introduction)
3. what is your greatest strength?（你最突出的优点是什么？） 这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题，这是你展示自己的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。如可答：“我认为我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。当做完一件工作而其成果又正合我的`预想时，我会有一种真正的成就感。我给自己定了一些高目标。比如说，我要成为出色的毕业生。尽管在大学一年级时我启动慢了些，但最终我以优等论文完成了学业。”
i feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done. i feel a real sense of accomplishment when i finish a job and it turns out just as i’d planned. i’ve set some high goals for myself. for example, i want to graduate with highest distinction. and even though i had a slow start in my freshman year, i made up for it by doing an honor’s thesis.
4. what is your greatest weakness?（你最大的弱点是什么？） 你不应该说你没有任何弱点，以此来回避这个问题。每个人都有弱点，最佳策略是承认你的弱点，但同时表明你在予以改进，并有克服弱点的计划。可能的话，你可说出一项可能会给公司带来好处的弱点，如可说：“我是一个完美主义者。工作做得不漂亮，我是不会撒手的。” i'm such a perfectionist that i will not stop until a job is well done.
英语面试实战指南
i：interviewer(面试者)a：applicant(求职者)
介绍教育背景：简明扼要，实话实说
尽管你在简历中对自己的教育背景作了介绍，但在面试时，面试官还有可能就此方面提问。还是事先做点准备吧。
①iwhat is your major？
amy major is business administration. i am especially interested in〃marketing〃.
(不仅回答了问题，还顺带一句介绍了自己较为感兴趣的方面，简明扼要。)
②iwhich university are you attending？
ai am attending×××university.
③ihave you received any degrees？
ayes. firsti received my bachelor degree in english literatureand then an mba degree.
④iwhat course did you like best？
aproject management. i was very interested in this course when i was a student. and i think it’s very useful for my present work.
英语教案模板全英文版
【篇1：1 全英文英语教案模板】
leon plan teacher:
period：period 1 type：text learning duration: 45minutes i teaching goals de goal
● inspire to answer questions actively by reflecting what they have learned before.● enable to grasp the skills of fast-reading and summarize the test’s structure with the help of each paragraph’s general ge knowledge
● should master the key words and phrases of the text such as: nal goal
● enable to understand the personality difference between the british and chinese teaching keys and difficulties ng keys
● the skills of fast-reading and concluding the text’s structure ● new words and expreions explanation ng difficulties
training to grasp the skills of fast-reading and getting the text’s structure
iii teaching method
question-inquiry teaching
task-based learning and teaching computer-aisted teaching iv teaching aids
multimedia devices ppt documents
textbook teacher’s book v teaching procedures -in(8 min)
ngs and free-talking(2min)-reading(15 min)activityivity2.step3.listening to the tape(7min)
lary explanation(12min)
vi homework(1min)recite the words phrase read fluently the text
【篇2：英语教案模板(最完全规范版本)】
教案
院 系： 年级班级： 2013级学科教学（英语）学生姓名： 刘 洁时 间： 2013年11月
module 10 unit2 merry christmas!
teaching material: foreign language teaching and research pre(grade four)teaching duration: ng content:
module 10 unit2 merry christmas!
ng aims:
language: the meanings of the words, students learn to use the sentence language skills: students to say and understand the sentence when the students hear to use the sentences of simple subject-predicate as learning strategy: use body language and pictures to help students learn the new words
and as the words the sentence affection: let students learn to give wishes to others and care about each e awarene: let students ng focus:
ng difficulties:
to greet in english at the following sentences of simple subject-predicate structure to describe the activities at christmas. to use the sentences in this unit and apply it into daily tand the different culture in different ng aids:
ng procedures:
pictures, mp3 player, some candies step 1 warming up(time: 5mins)(2mins) the santa claus on the blackboard and let students gue who he is.(3mins) the song we wish you a merry at the same time divide the students
into two teams, then draw two christmas trees on the blackboard.t: christmas is coming.(give students some presents)
we have a christmas tree for each mas trees are also the presents for you.(let students feel the atmosphere of christmas.)
step 2 lead in and presentation(time: 10mins)(2mins) as the santa claus.t: happy new year!s: happy new year!
t: s:t: here’s your present.s: thank you!
(let students know how to greet at christmas compare it with the expreion happy new year!(8mins) the pictures to the picture 1.t: the people are singing (let students describe other pictures.)show picture 2.t: what can you see in the picture? it is a christmas tree!
t: so, we have a christmas tree!follow me!s:show picture 3.t: what can you see in the picture? s: many toys.t: are presents for give presents!follow me!s: show picture 4.t: there is some eat lots of food, follow me!s:
(learn the sentences in part 2.)step 3 practice(time: 10mins)
(7mins) a game: what’s miing? show the four pictures to the students a picture each time.t: all , tell me what’s miing? s: we sing songs? t: again!
s: we have a christmas tre!t: on!
s: we give presents!t: yes, you are right!
(practice the sentences in part 2.)(3mins)ng
put the pictures on the blackboard and write down the four sentences, then ask the students do a matching.(train their reading ability.)
step 4 consolidation:(time: 10mins)
(6mins) at the two pictures on page 61.t: what do you eat at the spring festival?
s: we eat dumplings and peanuts at the spring festival.t: do you eat peanuts at the spring festival? s: yes, we do.(talk about the spring festival with students to lead to the topic of the christmas.)s: no, he doesn’t.t: look again, does daming eat peanuts at christmas? s: no, he doesn’t.(4mins) and in pairs and practice.-does daming/amy/… eat peanuts/cakes/…at christmas?-yes, he/she does./ no, he/she doesn’ 5 summary:(time: 5mins)
(3mins) to sing the song we wish you a merry see which team gets more presents.(2mins) the useful as rk:
choose one of them to do:
out the dialogue with your the song we wish you a merry christmas to your the internet and find some other activities at la reflection:
【篇3：中英对照初中英语教案模板(2015版,含全英内
容)】
亲爱的xx:
感谢您去年对我们公司的支持。我们非常感谢我们的合作。我们希望明年能继续我们良好的业务关系和互动。
真诚地
给客户的英文推荐信二亲爱的鲍勃(或史密斯先生或鲍勃·史密斯)，
感谢您选择xx清洁服务(或您公司的名称)。您的业务受到赞赏，我们很荣幸成为您的新清洁服务(您的服务)提供商(也称为公司)。再次感谢。
推荐人：
日期：xx年xx月xx日
necessary terms of english contract
1.前言 preamble
一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（preamble）、正文（operative part）、附录（schedule）及证明部分即结束词（attestation）四大部分组成。 前言（preamble）由“parties”及“recitals”两部分组成。
“parties”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“commencement”即合同的开场白，主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。当然，并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，在许多简单合同中，只是提一下各方的名称。
i. 以下为“parties”的常用表达方式：
1. this agreement is entered into by and between ____ and ____. 本协议由以下双方____和___ 签署。
2. this agreement is entered into by and between ____ (hereinafter referred to as____) and ____ (hereinafter referred to as "_____"), whereby it is agreed as follows:
本协议由以下双方____（以下简称____）和_____（以下简称___）签署，达成如下协议：
注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约事由，如：
this agreement is entered into through friendly negotiations between _____ co.
(hereinafter referred to as the “party a”) and _____ co. (hereinafter referred to as the “party b”) based on equal
ity and mutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:
本协议由_____（以下称为甲方）和____（以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订，其条款如下：
this agreement is entered into between _____ (hereinafter referred to as "company"), and ______, (hereinafter referred to as "employee") pursuant to paragraph viii(2) of the employee handbook, whereby it is agreed as follows:
本“协议”由_____（以下简称“公司”）与_____（以下简称“雇员”）根据“雇员手册”第viii(2)款签署，“协议”内容如下：
ii. 以下为标准的“parties”条款：
3. this agreement is made and entered into this _____th day of _____ in the year of ____ by and between ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of _____, with its principal place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), whereby it is agreed as follows:
本合约由______，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在______（下称_____），与_____，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点______（下称代理人），于_____日签订和缔结，协议如下：
iii. “recitals”由数个以"whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“whereas clauses”），表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。
4. this agreement is made and entered into this _____ day of _____ in the year of ____ by and between _______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal place of business at ______ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal place of business at ______ (hereinafter referred
to as “_____”)
witnessed
whereas, now therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:
本合约由_____，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在______（下称_____）（或下称供应商），与_______，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点_
鉴于
因此，双方当事人达成以下协议：
注：witnessed可以用withnessth、withnessth that等来代替。
iv. 在很多美国常用合同中，在很多情况下直接用recitals引导数个陈述语句或“whereas clauses”。下面为一个资产购买协议实例：
this asset purchase agreement (the "agreement") is made and entered into as of may 19, 1997 by and among aaa, a delaware corporation ("aaa"), bbb, a delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of aaa ("buyer"), ccc ("summit"), and ddd, an oregon corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of summit ("seller").
recitals
a. the boards of directors of each of summit, seller, aaa and buyer believe it is in the best interests of each company and their respective security holders that buyer acquire certain listed assets and assume certain listed liabilities of seller (the "acquisition").
b. on the date hereof, buyer has executed a $2,000,000 irrevocable purchase order to purchase 400 time-based licenses for summit's visual hdl interfaces for visual test bench ("vtb") software on aaa's standard form of purchase order, which is payable within five (5) business days after the date hereof.
now, therefore, in consideration of the covenants, promises and representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties agree as follows:
2.定义 definition
在正文（habendum）部分，通常第一章为定义（definitions）部分。
定义条款即对合同中涉及的术语及名词作出限定、解释的条款。它可以散见于合同各个部分，但对于一些大型的、重要的合同，通常将其置于第一章。
i. 常见的定义语句常用mean, refer to, be construed as, include等来表达。如：
1. "territory" means the united states of america.“销售地区”是指美利坚合众国。
2. “commencement date” shall mean the date of signing this agreement by the last signing party hereto.
“协议生效日”是指本“协议”最后签字的一方签署本“协议”的日期。
3. the “agreement” herein referred to shall mean this agreement of agency by entrustment.
“协议”在这里是指本委托代理协议。
4. “code” shall refer to the current and applicable internal revenue code.
“法”是指当前可用的国内税收法。
5. reference to any statutory provision shall be construed as a reference to the same as it may have been, or may from time be, amended, modified or re-enacted.
引用法律规定理解为引用其本身外，还包括其修订、修正或重新实施案。
6. "expenses" include costs, charges and expenses of every description. “费用”包括各种形式的金钱支出。
ii. 还有一类特殊的定义语句，即对于「单、复数」及「阴、阳性」名词的范围定义。通常都是用include来表达：
1. "stock certificate" includes "stock certificate" and "stock certificates".
合同中的“股票”，包括单数与复数。
2. "he" includes "he" and "she".
合同中的“他”，包括“他”与“她”。
3. words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number.
采用单数或复数的单词也包括复数或单数。
iii. 定义语句中，有时需限定范围。而通常用得最多的是：“for the purpose of ”及“in relation to”某概念的定义条款，如果适用范围仅限于合同的“特定部份”，可以用“for the purpose of ”来为定义条款起头。而如果定义条款是针对合同的“特定概念”，就用“in relation to”来界定。如下例：
1. for the purpose of this agreement, "products" means all types of the machineries manufactured by manufacturer as are specified in attachment
a hereto.
本协议所称的“产品”，指制造人所制造如附件a表列之各式机器。
2. "address" means－
(a) 就自然人而言in relation to an individual, his usual residential or business address; and
(b) in relation to a corporation, its registered or principal office in the republic of china.
“地址”就自然人而言，指通常之居所或工作场所；就公司而言，指位于中华人民共和国之注册所在地或主营业所。
iv. 在定义条款中，在定义语句前有时会加上一些陈述语句来引导，如：
