一、基础知识
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
【解析】matter/ ' mætə(r)) /n.问题；事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？
【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即：
What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼
3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛
4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太...... ，too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。
5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money
6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied
7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.
sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.
It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.
9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；
need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车
11. agree 同意，赞同；
agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.
12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。
13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。
14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb. doing sth.
【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼
当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s
当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s
16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.
不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.
clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】 干净的 ，cleaner意为 清洁工
